SINGAPORE - THE GARDEN CITY OF ASIA

SINGAPORE

THE GARDEN CITY OF ASIA





Country Description:

The Republic of Singapore is an independent nation in Southeast Asia. Located at the tip of the Malay Peninsula, separated only by the narrow Strait of Johor from the mainland, it is a prosperous nation whose people enjoy one of the highest standards of living in Asia. Singapore's resident population of over 4.2 million inhabitants is comprised of 77% Chinese, 14% Malay, 8% Indian and 1% others. Common languages English, Chinese, Malay and Tamil. English is widely spoken.
Sitting just about 110 km (70 mi) north of the equator, the nation has a tropical, wet climate: hot, humid, and rainy with little seasonal change. Annual average temperatures range from a high 28 degrees C (82 degrees F) to a low 23 degrees C (73 degrees F).


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Singapore Today:

Singapore is made up of not just one island but a main island with 63 surrounding islets. The main island has a total land area of 682 square km.
However, its compact size belies its economic growth. In just 150 years, Singapore has grown into a thriving centre of commerce and industry. Its former role as an entrepot has diminished, as the nation has increased its manufacturing base.Singapore is the busiest port in the world with over 600 shipping lines sending super tankers, container ships and passenger liners to share the busy waters with coastal fishing vessels and wooden lighters.

One of the world's major oil refining and distribution centres, Singapore is a major supplier of electronic components and a leader in shipbuilding and repairing. It has also become one of the most important financial centres of Asia, with more than 130 banks. Business dealings are facilitated by Singapore's superb communications network which links the nation to the rest of the world via satellite, 24-hour telegraph and telephone systems.Singapore's strategic location, excellent facilities, fascinating cultural contrasts and tourist attractions contribute to its success as a leading destination for both business and pleasure



Singapore Weather

Like most of Southeast Asia, Singapore is generally hot and humid. It's warm and humid year round, with the temperature almost never dropping below 20°C (68°F), even at night, and usually climbing to 30°C (86°F) during the day. Recent times, it even reached till 35°C. Humidity is high, mounting over a 75% mark.

November and December is the rainy season. June-August is considered to be the best time to visit, but even then it rains often. Don't let the climate stop you from going, however. Most buildings are air-conditioned (to the point that you may want to take a sweater), and pains have been taken to make everything as comfortable as can be, all things considered. When it does rain, it's generally only for a short period.

For those who enjoy the sun and the beach, Singapore is an ideal place for beach lovers, as you get the hot hot sun throughout the year. So when you're in Singapore, just bring along your cooling apparels and hats.

Singapore Geography

Singapore's strategic location at the southern tip of the Malaysian peninsula has ensured its importance, which is greater than its size might seem to justify. Singapore consists of the island of Singapore and some 63 islets within its territorial waters. The main island is about 26 mi/42 km from west to east and 14 mi/23 km from north to south. It's a mostly undulating country with low hills (the highest, 540-ft/166-m Bukit Timah Hill, is to the northwest of the city).

Singapore's Central Business District actually spreads across both the central and southern parts of the island (you'll know when you're there - it boasts striking high-rise structures). You can get a good visual orientation to the city as you cross the Benjamin Sheares Bridge on the East Coast Parkway, which links the airport to the city center. The Singapore cityscape looks magnificent, particularly at night when buildings are brilliantly lit. Offshore, there appears to be another city all lit up because of the many ships anchored there - Singapore is one of the busiest seaports in the world.

Many of the city's attractions are clustered closely together. Orchard Road, the shoppers' haven, is located in the northern part of the city center. Chinatown, where you'll find Boat Quay, is just to the southeast of Orchard Road, while Little India is northeast. Sentosa Island, with its many amusements, is directly to the southwest of the city center. These frequently visited neighborhoods, as well as more suburban areas, remain a bustling hive of pedestrian activity well into the evening.

Location: Southeastern Asia, islands between Malaysia and Indonesia

Geographic coordinates: 1 22 N, 103 48 E

Area: total: 647.5 sq km

Land: 637.5 sq km

Water: 10 sq km

Land boundaries: 0 km

Coastline: 193 km

Elevation extremes:

Lowest point: Singapore Strait 0 m

Highest point: Bukit Timah 166 m

Terrain: lowland (undulating central plateau with water catchment area and nature preserve)

Singapore Culture

Singapore is a cosmopolitan society where people live harmoniously and interaction among different races are commonly seen. The pattern of Singapore stems from the inherent cultural diversity of the island. The immigrants of the past have given the place a mixture of Malay, Chinese, Indian, and European influences, all of which have intermingled.

Behind the facade of a modern city, these ethnic races are still evident. The areas for the different races, which were designated to them by Sir Stamford Raffles, still remain although the bulk of Singaporeans do think of themselves as Singaporeans, regardless of race or culture. Each still bears its own unique character.

The old streets of Chinatown can still be seen; the Muslim characteristics are still conspicuous in Arab Street; and Little India along Serangoon Road still has its distinct ambience. Furthermore, there are marks of the British colonial influence in the Neo-Classical buildings all around the city.

Each racial group has its own distinctive religion and there are colorful festivals of special significance all year round. Although the festivals are special to certain races, it is nonetheless enjoyed by all.

In Singapore, food is also readily and widely available. There are lots of cuisines to offer. We have, Chinese, Indian, Malay, Indonesian and Western, Italian, Peranakan, Spanish, French, Thai and even Fusion. It is very common to savour other culture's food and some of the food can be very intriguing. Indian food are relatively spicier, whereas Chinese food is less spicier and the Chinese enjoy seafood. Malay cooking uses coconut milk as their main ingredient, that makes their food very tasty.

You can refer to our Eating in Singapore section for a list of recommended food outlets in Singapore.

Religion in Singapore

Most Singaporeans celebrate the major festivals associated with their respective religions. The variety of religions is a direct reflection of the diversity of races living there. The Chinese are predominantly followers of Buddhism, Taoism, Shenism, Christians, Catholics and some considered as 'free-thinkers' (Those who do not belong to any religion). Malays have the Muslims and Indians are Hindus. There is a sizeable number of Muslims and Sikhs in the Indian population.

Religious tolerance is essential in Singapore. In fact, religions often cross racial boundaries and some even merge in unusual ways in this modern country. Younger Singaporeans tend to combine a little of the mysteries of the older generation with the realistic world that they know of today.

Religion is still an integral part of the cosmopolitan Singapore. Many of its most interesting buildings are religious, be it old temples, modern churches, or exotic mosques. An understanding of these buildings do play a part in contributing to the appreciation of their art.

Chinese Temples

Taoism, Confucianism, Buddhism, and ancestral worship are combined into a versatile mix in Chinese temples.

Followers of the Tao (The Way) adhere to the teachings of the ancient Chinese legend, Lao Tzu. They are concerned with the balance of the Yin and Yang, which are opposite forces of heaven and earth, male and female. Feng Shui, literally translated as wind and water, also originated from Yin and Yang. Ancestral worship is common and the spirits of the dead, like the gods themselves, are appeased with offerings.

Most Buddhists are of the Mahayana school although there are some from the Theravada school. In Singapore, the Buddhist faith is linked with Taoism and the practical doctrine of Confucianism.

Islam

The Malays in Singapore are Muslims. A few of the Indians are also Muslims, but even more uncommon are the Chinese Muslims.

Islam has a fundamental influence in the lives of those who follow the Prophet of Allah, Muhammad. The religion involves praying five times a day, eating only "halal" food, fasting during Ramadan, and going to Mecca on the Haj (pilgrimage). Halal food means food that has been specially prepared as according to the religion's dietary requirements.

Hinduism

As the Indian immigrants migrate to Singapore, they brought with them Hinduism. The early temples are still the central points of rituals and festivals, which are held throughout the year.

Christianity

One will be able to find Christian churches of all denominations in Singapore. They were actually established with the arrival of various missionaries after the coming of Sir Stamford Raffles. Together with Buddhism, Islam, and Hinduism, Christianity is considered one of the four main religions today. There is quite a large number of Christians on the island.

Others

Minority faiths are not forgotten. There are at least two synagogues for the Jews and Sikhs. The Zoroastrians and Jains are also represented in Singapore.

Language in Singapore

The four official languages of Singapore are Mandarin, Malay, Tamil and English. English is the most common language used and is the language which unites the different ethnic groups. Children are taught in English at school but also learn their mother tongue to make sure they don't lose contact with their traditions.

Expatriates and foreigners may encounter language problems in the beginning of their stay in Singapore as many Singaporeans use Singlish to communicate. Singlish is a mix of English with other languages mixed into the English, sometimes phrases can end with funny terms like 'lah', 'leh', mah'. Chinese commonly use their own dialects to communicate, and sometimes, inter-dialect groups don't understand one another's language, as the language is vastly different. Except for Hokkien and Teochew, which have a closer link. The Malays use the language among their fellow races and the Indians speak Tamil. But whatever the race or religion, the country's community unite as one nation, where most religious or racial gaps are being bridged.

Singapore English has its origins in the schools of colonial Singapore. In the nineteenth century very few children went to school at all, and even fewer were educated in English. The people who spoke English and sent their children to English medium schools were mainly the Europeans, the Eurasians (people of mixed racial ancestry), some of the small minorities, such as the Jews, some of the Indians and Ceylonese, and also a group of Chinese people usually called the Straits Chinese, who had ancestors of long residence in the region, and who spoke a variety of Malay usually called Baba Malay which was influenced by Hokkien Chinese and by Bazaar Malay.

The fact that all these children would have known Malay probably explains why most of the loan words in Singapore Colloquial English are from Malay. The largest group of teachers were Eurasians, and there were also many teachers from Ceylon and India. European teachers were never more than a quarter of the total teaching staff in a school, and they usually taught the senior classes. These Europeans may have been from Britain (which at that time included Ireland) but were also from the USA, Belgium and France. The children in these schools would have been exposed to many varieties of English.

In the first twenty years of the twentieth century, English medium education became popular for all groups. Girls started going to school in larger numbers too. By the 1950s nearly all children went to school, and the majority were educated in English. By the 1980s. all education was in the medium of English (with children learning another language alongside English).

Singapore English grew out of the English of the playground of these children of various linguistic backgrounds who were learning English at school. As more and more of its people experienced learning English at school, English became widely spoken, alongside Singapore's many other languages. Since Singapore became an independent Republic in 1965, the use of English has increased still further. For many Singaporeans, English is the main language. Many families speak English at home and it is one of the the first languages learnt by about half of the current pre-school children.

Nearly everyone in Singapore speaks more than one language, with many people speaking three or four. Most children grow up bilingual from infancy and learn more languages as they grow up. Naturally the presence of other languages (especially various varieties of Malay and of Chinese) has influenced the English of Singapore. The influence is especially apparent in the kind of English that is used informally, which is popularly called Singlish. Singlish is a badge of identity for many Singaporeans.

Singlish

Singapore English usually come from other languages spoken in Singapore, especially Malay and Hokkien. Speakers of Singlish are not necessarily aware of which language they are from however.

Example:

• habis - finished

• makan - to eat

• chope - to reserve something

• cheem - difficult, complicated

• ang mo - a white person

• rojak - mixed, a mix of

• liao - finished, the end

• kiasu - afraid to lose mentality

Speakers of Singlish will usually end his sentence with a distinctive exclamation. The three most common are ah, lah, ley and what.

Examples:

• OK lah, bye bye.

• Don't like that lah.

• You are going there ah?

• No parking lots here, what.

• The price is too high for me lah.

• And then how many rooms ah?

• It is very troublesome ley.

• Don't be like that ley!

• I'm not at home lah. That's why ah.

Events and Public Holidays

Singapore's polyglot population celebrates a number of festivals and events. Chinese, Hindu and Muslim celebrations follow a lunar calendar so dates of festivities vary from year to year.

Chinese New Year, in January or February, is welcomed in with dragon dances, parades and much good cheer. Chinatown is lit up and there are fireworks and night markets.

During Ramadan, food stalls are set up in the evening in the Arab Street district, near the Sultan Mosque. Hari Raya Puasa, the end of Ramadan in January or February, is marked by three days of joyful celebrations.

Vesak Day in April or May celebrates Buddha's birth, enlightenment and death. It is marked by various events, including the release of caged birds to symbolise the setting free of captive souls.

The Dragon Boat Festival, held in May or June, commemorates the death of a Chinese saint who drowned himself as a protest against government corruption. It is celebrated with boat races across Marina Bay.

The Festival of the Hungry Ghosts is usually celebrated in September. This is when the souls of the dead are released for feasting and entertainment on earth. Chinese operas are performed for them and food is offered; the ghosts eat the spirit of the food but thoughtfully leave the substance for the mortal celebrants.

The festival of Thaipusam is one of the most dramatic Hindu festivals and is now banned in India. Devotees honour Lord Subramaniam with acts of amazing body-piercing masochism - definitely not for the squeamish. In Singapore, devotees march in procession from the Sri Srinivasa Perumal Temple on Serangoon Road to the Chettiar Hindu Temple on Tank Road. The festival is based on the lunar calendar but will be held in October for the next couple of years.

Facts and Figures

Full country name:	Republic of Singapore
Area:	699.1 sq km
Population:	4 million (growth rate 1.15%)
People:	76% Chinese, 15% Malay, 6% Indian
Language:	English, Malay, Mandarin and Tamil
Religion:	31% Taoist, 28% Buddhist, 18% Muslim, 10% Christian, 4% Hindu
Government:	Parliamentary democracy
President:	SR Nathan
Prime Minister:	Lee Hsien Long
Major industries:	Shipping, banking, tourism, electrical & electronics, chemicals, oil refining
Major trading partners:	US, Malaysia, Hong Kong, Japan
Health risks:	None
Time:	GMT/UTC+8
Electricity:	220-240V, 50 Hz
County code:	+65
Mobile Phone network:	GSM 900, GSM 1800, 3G
Weights & measures:	Metric with local variations

General Information

Banking

The local currency is Singapore dollars and cents. Notes come in denominations of SGD 2, SGD 5, SGD 10, SGD 20, SGD 50, SGD 100, SGD 500, SGD 1,000, and SGD 10,000. Coins come in denomination of 1, 5, 10, 20 and 50 cents and SGD 1.

Banking hours are Monday to Friday: 10 am to 3 pm, and Saturday: 9.30 am to 1 PM (some banks are open until 3 PM). Sunday, 9.30 am to 3 PM (some banks in Orchard Road). Most banks handle travelers' cheques and change foreign currencies. However, some banks do not have foreign exchange dealings on Saturday. Passports are required when cashing travelers' cheques. A nominal commission may be charged.

Credit / Charge Cards

Major cards are widely accepted by establishments in Singapore. Should any shop insist on adding a surcharge, contact the respective card company to report the errant shop-owner.

Drinking Water

It is perfectly safe to drink water straight from the tap in Singapore. However, for those who prefer bottled mineral water, local supermarkets and grocers always have ample stocks.

Immigration

Visas: Most Western nationals either do not require a visa at all or do not require a visa for a social stay of up to 90 days. A 30-day permit is issued on arrival, and extensions are difficult to obtain.

Law

Singapore's government is strict on drug laws, with the death penalty applied for drug trafficking. It is also against the entry of firearms, controlled drugs, endangered species of wildlife, chewing gum and cigarette lighters in the shape of a firearm. Smoking in public buses, the MRT, taxis, lifts and air-conditioned places is also deemed against the law; with fines up to S$1,000. The government is also adamant that littering is an offence and carries penalties of a fine of S$1,000 or more; and also a stint of corrective work order.

Tipping

Tipping is seldom necessary, as a 7% goods and services tax (GST) and a service charge of 10% is usually added automatically (though always double-check the bill). However it is customary to spare a few dollars for efficient waiters, bellboys and taxi drivers.

Singapore Flag

The colours of the Singapore flag represent red for brotherhood and equality; white for purity and virtue. The crescent moon represents a young nation on the rise. The five stars stand for Singapore's ideals of democracy, peace, progress, justice and equality.

The crescent moon originally served as a symbol of assurance to the Malays in 1959 —the year the flag was designed— that Singapore was not a Chinese state. Today it is generally said that the moon signified a young nation rising. The flag was designed initially to have three stars, until leaders such as then Deputy Prime Minister Toh Chin Chye expressed concern that Singapore might be perceived to have associations with the Malayan Communist Party, the flag of which also had three stars. The flag was originally meant to be red as red is a very traditional Chinese color. But because of the fear of Communism in those days, a completely red flag was abandoned.

How to Get to Singapore

If you’re coming into Singapore for a holiday, it pays to do some research on how to get into the island.

There are many options – by air, train, sea, or car and bus – by the far the most popular is to fly in by an airline.

Let’s take a look at each option in turn. There are advantages and disadvantages to each travel option - be sure you choose one that is comfortable to your budget and preferences.

By Air

You can get into the island city of Singapore via air travel. This is the most convenient option for the international traveler. Singapore boasts the most outstanding airport in the world – Singapore Changi Airport – and it’s a pleasure to land in this modern facility.

All travel packages from the US, Europe, Asia and other parts of the world offer flights in and out of Singapore on a regular basis. There are now also budget airlines offering cheap flights to Singapore from nearby Southeast-Asian countries.

By Train

If you live north of Singapore in Malaysia or Thailand, you can consider coming to Singapore by train. Malaysia has a regular train service that arrives in Singapore on a regular basis and its extremely convenient. A good option if you want to save money on airplane tickets.

By Sea

Again, if you live in South-east Asia, particularly Malaysia or Indonesia, a good option is to come to Singapore by ferry. Many of the outlying islands around Singapore offer ferry services into the Singapore ferry terminal.

By Car or Bus

Driving into Singapore (usually from Malaysia) is a good way to come into the country. But do note that entry by car is subject to a hefty fee.

Usually this option is not recommend – unless you hire a driver or a bus to take you there. It can be difficult to drive in and navigate roads on your own.

The Best Ways to
Get Around in Singapore

If you’re visiting Singapore for the first time, you should make sure you know the best ways to get around the island.

One of the more popular choices is to use the MRT – but for other people, going by car, bus or taxi is also viable.

Let’s explore each of the above options now and highlight their characteristics. Read on and make sure you understand the transportation options open to you.

By MRT

One of the best ways to get around the island is to make use of the Mass-Rapid-Transit (MRT) system. This system is like the London tube system and is extremely efficient.

You can get across the island (East-to-West) within the space of about 1 hour by traveling this way. There are two main lines – a North-South line and a East-West line that cut across the island, with stops along the new towns and major prime locations in the city.

By Car

Another convenient way to get around the island is by car. The are three major highways in Singapore – the Pan-Island Expressway (PIE), Ayer Rajah Expressway (AYE) and the Central Expressway (CTE). Make use of these three highways and you can practically get to any location in Singapore.

By Bus

The bus transport system is also very efficient. All buses in Singapore are air-conditioned and reach their stops with amazing punctuality. If you want a cheap means of transportation, the bus is the correct route to take.

By Taxi

Last, but not least, you can take a cab to any place on the island. This is a more expensive option, given that the average cab ride includes surcharges for getting on, tolls and other add-on charges. But if you want comfort and convenience, the taxi is the right way to go.

Where You
Should Stay in Singapore

If you’re in Singapore and want to find a place to stay, you’ll be pretty much spoilt for choice.

There are plenty of premier hotels, budget hotels, and even government apartment which you can look out for.

This article covers some of your accommodation options while you’re stopping over in Singapore for business or leisure. Be sure to do your research in accommodation before leaving your home country.

Premier Hotels

If you want to live in the lap of luxury, be sure to check into one of the premier hotels in town. Some of the best hotels include the Swisstotel Stamford Singapore, The Conrad Centennial Singapore, the Ritz Carlton Singapore and the Four Seasons Singapore. Bring along a big accommodation budget though.

Budget Hotels

Budget hotels are perfect if you’re on a limited budget and just want a no-frills place to stay. Interestingly, some of the budget hotels have got amenities superior to the premier hotels out there. So do your research – you’ll be amazed at what you can find. Check out this list of budget hotels which I’ve come up with.

HDB Flats

Another option for accommodation is to stay in a HDB flat. A HDB flat is a ‘Housing Development Board’ flat which is essentially owned by the government. The general population ‘purchase’ the flats from the government at a discounted rate and generally get to stay there for a fixed tenure. You can check newspaper classifieds to find out if anyone is renting out a room.

Some Mouth-watering
Singaporean Food

Singaporeans are passionate about food and eating. Look around and the proof is everywhere! Almost in every corner of the island, you will find an endless variety of food, served hot or cold, at any hour of the day (or night)! In this cosmopolitan and multicultural city, you can expect nothing less than a melange of flavours from around the globe. It?s not just East-meets-West when it comes to feasting in Singapore ? it is a tasty tale about a country?s unique cultural tapestry woven in with its distinct influences to capture the essence of Singapore?s multicultural heritage. Are you ready? Let?s embark on a gastronomic journey of local fare that uniquely distinguishes Singapore as a food capital of Asia.

If you’re in Singapore and are looking for good, authentic Singaporean food, this article will help you out.

Be it Chinese, Indian or European food, the island city has it all. There are literally thousands of restaurants and eateries all over the little island - you will be spoilt for choice.

Read on and find out more about the great food choices available to you. You'll never be stuck in rut not knowing what to eat when you're here y If you’re in Singapore and are looking for good, authentic Singaporean food, this article will help you out.

Be it Chinese, Indian or European food, the island city has it all. There are literally thousands of restaurants and eateries all over the little island - you will be spoilt for choice.

Read on and find out more about the great food choices available to you. You'll never be stuck in rut not knowing what to eat when you're here

Chinese Food

One of the best food choices in Singapore is Chinese food. If you like local dishes, be sure to try one of the following:

• Char Kway Teow
  This noodle like dish is extremely popular amongst Singaporeans. It is tasty and is usually served in a hawker centre (e.g. Newton Hawker Centre). You’ll love its rich taste but watch yourself – it is pretty oily and can make you put on the pounds very fast.
  
• Bah Kut Teh
  This is a pork-based soup which is very popular amongst tourists as well. You can go to the food centre at Hong Lim Square (just tell any taxi driver – he or she will know). It’s a rich brown colored soup which is very tasty with rice or bread.
  
• Chicken Rice
  One of the long standing popular Chinese cuisines from Singapore is Hainanese chicken rice. Order it from any local hawker stall – it is very easy to find and is cheap too.
  

Indian Food

One of the best Indian dishes to try? It’s got to be Roti Prata. This is not unlike the ‘Nan’ found in the UK – a piece of circular bread which is dipped into curry. Very tasty and a definitely must-try.

European Food

And lastly, if you want European cuisine, there are tons of choices. From Italian, French, to Spanish – you’ll be spoilt for choice. There are probably hundreds upon hundreds of European restaurants in the city – pick up a local food guide from the airport as you arrive to learn about them.

For the young and the young at heart, New Asia - Singapore offers a range of night activities which will keep you partying all night long. From jazz and house music to tribal and Top 40, Singapore offers a play-list of dance clubs for any generation. Most clubs open from 10pm till 1am (Sun-Thu) and until 3am (Fri-Sat) and the dress code is generally smart casual. Those who want something more relaxed may enjoy a night at a number of pubs in the city or just recline comfortably at a jazz lounge where world-class jazz can be heard. If wine and high spirits are not for you, go for all-night bowling at one of the bowling alleys at Kallang and Marina South. After a hectic night of activity, settle down to supper at one of the many 24-hour coffee houses in the city and superb food stalls scattered throughout the island. Teochew porridge, caramel bean curd or just coffee and cake are just some satisfying ways in which Singaporeans end a pleasant evening.
Numerous sophisticated multiplexes dot the island and offer cinema buffs a wide selection of movies. Refer to the local dailies for detailed listings of movies offered i n more than 50 cinemas islandwide. Contact Details of Cinemas located downtown (Cinemas marked with * accept phone bookings) Eng Wah - Suntec Level 3, Suntec City Mall, 3 Temasek Boulevard Tel: (65) 6836 9074 *Golden Village Grand Level 3, Great World City, 1 Kim Seng Promenade Tel: 1900 912 1234 (cinema code = 07) *Golden Village Marina Level 3, Marina Leisureplex, 5A Raffles Avenue Tel: 1900 912 1234 (cinema code = 06) *Golden Village Plaza Level 7, Plaza Singapura, 68 Orchard Road Tel: 1900 912 1234 (cinema code = 08) Lido 5 Cineplex Level 13, Shaw House, 1 Scotts Road Tel: (65) 6732 4124 Orchard Cineleisure 8 Grange Road Tel: (65) 6732 5874 *United Artist Beach Road Shaw Tower, 100 Beach Road Tel: (65) 6391 2550 (Cash Booking) Tel: (65) 6391 2556 (Credit Card Line) *United Artist Bugis Junction Level 4, Parco Bugis Junction, 200 Victoria Street Tel: (65) 6337 9655
Chinese Classical Music Chinese classical music and folk tunes are a "must" for visitors to Singapore. Chinese orchestras feature many unusual string instruments, providing a rich experience in oriental music. Regular concerts are held and the local newspapers offer a good reference. Singapore Symphony Orchestra The Singapore Symphony Orchestra was founded in 1979 and has become an integral part of Singapore's music scene. Concerts are held regularly every Friday and Saturday at the Victoria Concert Hall featuring guest conductors and soloist. The orchestra also gives open-air performances. Local dailies provide details. Contact: Singapore Symphonia Company 11 Empress Place, 2nd level, Victoria Memorial Hall Singapore 179558 Tel: (65) 6338 4401, Fax: (65) 6336 6382
"Singapore is where the rivers of culture from East and West meet and mix. In that mixing, strange and wonderful combinations sometimes emerge, giving Singapore its particular character. For many visitors, Singapore is a home away from home, familiar yet different. The arts are not a show we put on for foreigners but an expression of what we are in our daily lives." Brigadier-General George YeoMinister for Information and the Arts Amidst the hustle and bustle of a modern, sophisticated city, visitors to New Asia - Singapore will find inspiration in Singapore's unique culture. Singapore as a flourishing and vibrant arts scene which resonates with exuberance. Visitors can take delight in a wide variety of art forms from all over the world in the beautiful surroundings of Singapore, and enjoy the myriad performances of modern dance, music and theatre, international acts and other exciting events staged virtually all year round. Many international events are held at the Kallang Theatre throughout the year.
Alliance Francais de Singapour Auditorium Tel: (65) 6833 9303 Caldwell House Gallery Tel: (65) 6337 7810 DBS Arts Centre- Home of Singapore Repertory Theatre Tel: (65) 6221 5585 DBS Auditorium Tel: (65) 6228 1691 The Esplanade - Theatres on the Bay Tel: (65) 6337 3711 Fort Canning Park & Centre Tel: (65) 6338 4077 Jubilee Hall Tel: (65) 6331 1732 Kreta Ayer's People's Theatre Tel: (65) 6883 1364 Kallang Theatre Tel: (65) 6345 8488 Singapore Power Auditorium Tel: (65) 6823 8848 Singapore Indoor Stadium Tel: (65) 6340 9211 Singapore Press Holdings Auditorium (YMS Arts Centre) Tel: (65) 6332 5813/815 The Substation Tel: (65) 6337 7800 Victoria Theatre Tel: (65) 6338 8283 Victoria Concert Hall Tel: (65) 6338 6125
Venues like the Drama Centre in Canning Rise, Victoria Theatre at Empress Place, The Substation in Armenian Street, The Black Box in Fort Canning Park, Jubilee Hall at the Raffles Hotel, Singapore Indoor Stadium and Harbour Pavilion at the World Trade Centre stage numerous local plays, musicals and ballets as well as international productions. Information regarding local as well as international productions are available in the local dailies. For Indian performances, check out Annalakshmi Restaurant. Contact: Kallang Theatre 1 Stadium Walk Singapore 397688 Tel: (65) 6345 8488 Fax: (65) 6344 2340 Singapore Indoor Stadium 2 Stadium Walk Singapore 397691 Tel: (65) 6348 5555 (SISTIC - ticket hotline), (65) 6340 9211 (general enquiries) Fax: (65) 6344 5903 TheatreWorks Singapore Ltd. The Black Box, Fort Canning Centre, Cox Terrace, Fort Canning Park Singapore 179618 Tel: (65) 6338 6735 (ticket hotline), (65) 6338 4077 (office) Fax: (65) 6338 8297 The Drama Centre 40 Canning Rise Singapore 179870 Tel: (65) 6336 0005 Fax: (65) 6338 2430 The Substation "A Home for the Arts" 45 Armenian Street, Singapore 179936 Tel: (65) 6337 7535 / 6337 7800 Fax: (65) 6337 2729 Victoria Theatre 9 Empress Place Singapore 179556 Tel: (65) 6338 8283 Fax: (65) 6339 5440 Singapore The Repertory Theatre DBS ARTS CENTRE - Home of The Singapore Repertory Theatre 20 Merbau Road Robertson Quay Singapore 239035 Tel: (65) 6733 8166 Fax: (65) 6733 8167
Watching a Chinese opera held on a make-shift stage at a street corner is an unforgettable experience. These are usually held in the months of August and September during the Hungry Ghost Festival or during temple celebrations.

	Singapore is simply amazing! A short vacation in Singapore is definitely not enough if you want to eat and breathe Singapore. There is much to see and do. From the famed Chilli Crab and Hainanese Chicken Rice to Sentosa Island and the Singapore Zoological Gardens. You will not believe how clean and green the city is until you set foot here. The spotless highways and the surrounding flora are proof of what you have heard from other friends and relatives. Experience for yourself the towering skyscrapers in the business district, he hustle and bustle of the Orchard Road shopping belt or the friendly chatter of Singaporeans going about their daily tasks in the heartlands. You'll be astounded by the number of activities that can be packed into this pulsating island, day and night. And the best part is that you can visit Singapore at all times of the year as its tropical climate means sunshine all year round. Out of the millions of ways to enjoy Singapore, we've picked 101 ways. Try them all!
	1. Let the Masterchefs pamper your tastebuds. Join our annual World Gourmet Summit - a truly gastronomic experience and a feast for the senses. 2. Catch your own lobster for dinner at one or more of the seafood restaurants around the island and ask the chefs to cook it for you. 3. Enjoy high tea at the Raffles Hotel's Bar & Billiard Room or have a cuppa and scones at the Regent Singapore. 4. Join the locals at Yakun, Far East Square or 67 Killiney Road for a traditional breakfast of freshly brewed coffee and kaya (egg and coconut jam) on toast. 5. Spice up your life with some Indian cuisine at one of Little India's popular restaurants. 6. Enjoy a bird's eye view of Singapore's port whilst dining aboard a cable car. 7. Have an affordable meal at a hawker centre - our answer to fast foods. Try a plate of char kway teow (noodles fried in sweet black sauce) and down it with a glass of sugar cane juice. Lau Pa Sat is a popular hangout for locals. 8. Savour fiery fish head curry at Apollo Banana Leaf restaurant in Little India and cool your palate with a tall glass of lime juice. 9. Enjoy a Rijsttafel dinner atop a hill at the Alkaff Mansion. 10. Stroll down Orchard Road, Singapore's famous shopping street and look out for the local ice-cream man with his cartful of durian, red bean and corn flavoured ice cream. Ask for an ice cream sandwich! 11. Try some colourful nonya kueh at the popular confectionery, Bengawan Solo. 12. Toss yu sheng (raw fish salad) during Chinese New Year. 13. Try delicious local grilled kebabs or satay, grilled to perfection and served with a spicy rich peanut gravy. 14. Be reinvigorated after a balanced yin-yang meal at the Imperial Herbal Restaurant, Metropole Hotel . 15. A must-try is the thinly sliced barbecued pork sold at the popular stall, Bee Chun Heng in Chinatown. 16. Try local desserts like ice-kachang, cold cheng tng and bubor cha cha. Perfect for that hot, tropical day! 17. Try our favourite Hainanese Chicken Rice at the Chatterbox, Mandarin Hotel. 18. Sign up for cooking classes at the Raffles Culinary cademy or academy at-sunrice. 19. Lunch with the lions at the Singapore Zoological Gardens! 20. Make a date with the "king of fruits" - get a durian in Geylang, and lap it up. They say it tastes like heaven and smells like hell!
	21. Cut your own sprays of orchids at Orchidville, Mandai Agrotech Park and have them freshly packed and shipped home. Tel: (65) 6552 7003. 22. Be at one with nature and trek through a tropical rainforest - the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve. Singapore is one of only 2 cities in the world that has a rainforest within its boundaries, the other being Rio de Janeiro. 23. Take a bumboat ride from Changi Point and explore rustic Pulau Ubin on a rented bike. Bring along camping equipment if you want to spend the night star-gazing. 24. Between the months of September and March, look out for our feathered winter visitors from as far away as Siberia, at the Sungei Buloh Nature Park. 25. Walk through the popular plant nurseries off Thomson Road and enjoy row upon row of brilliantly coloured flowering plants. 26. Equip yourself with rock climbing gear and scale the granite quarry at the Bukit Timah Nature Reserve. 27. Observe vegetables growing from nutrients in the air or the breeding of tropical fish at the agrotech farms out in the northwestern end of the island. 28. Align your energy points and discover inner peace with an early morning tai chi exercise at the Singapore Botanic Gardens .
	29. Don't miss the highly entertaining animal shows at the award-winning Singapore Zoo. 30. Breakfast or lunch with our pink-feathered friends at "The Lodge on Flamingo Lake", Jurong BirdPark. 31. Get spooked with the "Tales of the Night" tour at the Singapore History Museum on Friday nights. 32. Turn your world upside down - literally! Visit Singapore's latest theme park - Downtown East and experience thrilling rides, several seen for the first time in Asia. 33. Make friends with a pink dolphin. Visit the Dolphin Lagoon at the Underwater World, Sentosa. 34. Visit the Singapore Science Centre for an educational and entertaining experience. 35. Roller-blade at Pasir Ris Park and then quell those hunger pangs with dinner by the beach at Fisherman's Village.
	36. Party all night long! Embark on a pub crawl along Mohamed Sultan Road. 37. Catch a midnight movie on a Friday or Saturday night at one of the many cineplexes dotted around the island, then enjoy a scrumptious supper at Lau Pa Sat or Newton Hawker Centre (do check prices before ordering and customers are free to sit anywhere in the food centres). 38. For more heart-pumping, foot-stomping dance fun, drop into Zouk, ranked among the top dance clubs in the world by international DJs and lifestyle magazines. 39. Take an evening bumboat ride from Clarke Quay to Boat Quay and dine at one of the trendy alfresco restaurants situated just at the riverside. 40. Enjoy a romantic evening amidst the gothic charm of CHIJMES. Start the evening with a tequila shot at China Jump Bar & Grill. 41. Come face-to-face with a cougar at the Night Safari. 42. Relax with a glass of freshly brewed lager at Brewerkz, the microbrewery at Clarke Quay. 43. Slip into your hottest beachwear and hit the beaches of Sunset Bay, Sentosa for a midnight party.
	44. Sign up for the "In Harmony with Feng Shui" tour and you'll be amazed at how a modern city like Singapore has embraced the ancient art of geomancy. 45. Learn the art of drinking Chinese tea by taking part in a traditional tea ceremony in a quaint Peranakan shophouse in Neil Road. 46. Experience the excitement of Chingay - the annual Chinese New Year street parade where you can even find "dancing lions" prancing along the streets. 47. Visit the world's largest fountain at Suntec City. It is believed that walking clockwise around the fountain 3 times whilst touching the water will bring luck and good fortune. 48 Embark on a self-guided walking tour of the historic back lanes of Chinatown and Little India, and soak in the sights and smells of our ethnic districts. 49. Have your fortune told by an Indian fortune teller and his 'psychic' parrot in Little India. 50. Get yourself fitted in an exquisite sari from Little India. 51. Visit the temples at Waterloo Street where Hindu and Buddhist worshippers converge for religious reflection. 52. Watch barefoot Hindu devotees walk across a pit of red hot embers in a show of unflinching faith, at the Sri Mariamman Temple during the Thimithi Festival in October or November. 53. Be dazzled by the brilliant street light-ups during Christmas, Chinese New Year, Hari Raya and Deepavali. 54. Sign up for a class organised by NAZ Workshops, and learn the importance and use of local herbs and spices. Tel: (65) 9631 2957.
	55. Go wakeboarding and spin around the waters of Singapore. 56. Go nightfishing on the east coast, then watch the sunrise and breakfast at Changi Village. 57. Put on your jogging shoes and go for a brisk early morning or evening jog at the MacRitchie Reservoir. 58. Have a close encounter with a shark - go diving at the UnderwaterWorld. 59. Cheer on the frantic rowers surging towards the finishing line at the Singapore International Dragon Boat Race. 60. Tee off in the cooler hours of the evening at Jurong Country Club or Orchid Country Club. 61. Saddle up a horse at Sentosa and enjoy an exciting horse ride on the resort island.
	62. Head for Funan Centre, the IT Mall, and load up with the latest in computer software / hardware. 63. Shop till you drop along Singapore's renowned shopping street - Orchard Road! 64. Practise your bargaining skills at the weekend flea market at Clarke Quay. 65. Let your personal shopper pick out what's best or you when you shop at Scotts Shopping Centre or Tangs Department Store. 66. Dive into a treasure trove of Chinese products at Yue Hwa Chinese Products in Chinatown, perfect for visitors in search of Chinese herbal medicine, cheongsams and Chinese traditional handicrafts. 67. Take the MRT train into the suburbs and shop for goods at bargain prices 68. Wander around Holland Village for some souvenir shopping. 69. Visit the shops along Jalan Pisang / Arab Street vicinity and learn more about your birthstone and other gemstones. 70. Visit Arab Street and be overwhelmed by the stunning variety of glorious fabrics in every imaginable texture and colour. 71. Spend hours browsing in the largest bookstore in Southeast Asia - Kinokuniya at Ngee Ann City. 72. Lose yourself among a treasure trove of Asian antiques. Pick up your favourite furniture / art piece from the Tanglin Shopping Centre. 73. Select from a range of fragrant spices, ethnic jwellery and colourful saris at Little India.
	74. Feel your tension slip away as you enjoy a relaxing head-to-toe aromatherapy massage or an Ayurvedic treatment at one of our acclaimed international spas. 75. Hire a limousine and be chauffeured around town in comfort. 76. Indulge in a first class movie experience - enjoy champagne with your movie at the GV Grand cinema, Great World City - the only cinema in Singapore with fully reclining seats. 77. Pamper yourself with a makeover at Glamour Shots. 78. Surprise your loved one with a romantic candlelit dinner at Au Jardin Restaurant, Botanic Gardens. 79. Savour an authentic creole dinner in European elegance at La Fete du Cuisinier, right in the heart of Singapore's Waterloo Street arts belt. 80. Charter a boat and sail leisurely to the southern islands.
	81. Buy a ticket to the International Comedy Festival and tickle your funnybone with one of the hilarious performances from around the world. 82. Get tickets to the Singapore Dance Theatre's "Ballet Under the Stars" performance and pack a picnic basket to enjoy at the Fort Canning Green. 83. Choose from a year-round arts calendar that's packed with both traditional and modern-day performances from Singapore and around the region. 84. Visit the Singapore Art Museum, and enjoy the works of Singaporean artists as well as artworks from the Southeast Asian region. 85. Embark on an arts walk at the city centre. You'll be amazed to find works by famed artists such as Henry Moore, Salvador Dali and Roy Lichtenstein as you explore the city on foot.
	86. Sail the high seas on board one of the luxury cruises and call at a myriad of romantic getaways in the region. 87. Daydream on the sun-kissed beaches of Bintan Resort - just 45 minutes by high-speed ferry from Singapore. 88. Book yourself onto the Eastern & Oriental Express for a leisurely rail journey up north to Malaysia and Thailand.
	89. Soak in some tropical sunshine as you relax by your hotel pool, sipping an ice-cold fruit juice. 90. Transform yourself into a walking masterpiece of art - have a henna bodywork at Little India. 91. Visit the wet markets in Chinatown and see the fascinating display of produce ranging from fresh flowers, tables laden with vegetables, spices and dried goods to live fish and snakes. 92. Watch spices being ground into your favourite curry mix at a little shophouse along Cuff Road in Little India. 93. Exchange travel stories and tips with fellow discerning travellers over a cup of specially blended coffee amidst the historic Prinsep Place - winner of the Architectural Heritage Award 2000. 94. Take the first step to a healthier you - let a foot reflexologist massage away your tensions! 95. Don't go home without downing the famous Singapore Sling - first concocted at the Long Bar, Raffles Hotel. 96. For an alternative method of determining your stress level, physical and emotional state, get your aura photographed at crystal shops in Fu Lu Shou Complex and Fortune Centre. 97. Follow your nose and be led by the fragrance of freshly brewed designer coffees from the many alfresco cafes that dot the island these days. 98. Enjoy a night of classical music by the Singapore Symphony Orchestra. Check the local newspapers for details on concert programmes. 99. Try your luck at Toto (local lottery) and go home a millionaire. 100. Dress up for an evening at the Singapore Turf Club - it's THE place to be seen! 101. Hangout at the hip, cool Stadium Waterfront by the Kallang River, located beside the Singapore Indoor Stadium. Stroll along the 250m-long timber boardwalk, shop for products from the world over at the Stadium Cove or enjoy good food and drinks at quality restaurants and wine bars.

SANTOSA

Nature, history, recreation and fantasy - Sentosa offers all these and more in a fun, entertaining and educational way. For those who love the sun and sea: Sentosa's Siloso Beach, Central Beach and Tanjong Beach offer sun-worshippers a variety of water sports such as canoeing and surf boarding. Catch the resident pig-tailed macaques, harvesting ripe coconuts from the trees along the beach. Hop on the Beach Trains which run along the beaches. For the outdoor enthusiasts, there are camp sites and youth hostels.



Never-ending fun and entertainment: The Musical Fountain presents a high-tech spectacle integrating a ballet of light, laser, colour and music. At night, the Merlion "awakens" in a breathtaking sight and sound show incorporating the dancing fountains.

• Brace yourself for thrills and spills at Cinemania, an interactive simulation theatre.
• The Enchanted Grove of Tembusu covers a modest 2 hectares of Tembusu trees and McArthur palms.
• Tour Sentosa on the Monorail which provides a scenic 40-minute ride around the island.
• Stroll along the 150-metre long boardwalk by the sea.
• Golfers can enjoy the challenging and spectacular Tanjong and Serapong Courses at the Sentosa Golf Club.
• Experience an "active" volcano at VolcanoLand, complete with earth tremors and hissing steam.
• Asian Village features three Asian themed villages, a fun park with entertaining rides for children and a typical fishing kelong.
• Make your way up the 37-metre high Merlion for a magnificent panoramic view.
• For the avid family golfer, there is the Sijori WonderGolf, Singapore's only outdoor miniature golf park.
• Enter a bygone era as you step into a tribal-themed village zone through a gateway guarded by grotesque stone structures at the Lost Civilisation. The Ruined City bears testimony to a once-glorious civilisation, featuring a fascinating hieroglyphics-adorned gate, mythical motifs, carved lions and even guillotines.

Discover the wonders of nature:

• Nature lovers will appreciate the Nature Walk/Dragon Trail which meanders through a tropical secondary rainforest leading to a number of vantage points offering scenic views from the summit of Mount Imbiah.
• Butterfly Park is home to 2,500 butterflies from over 50 species while the Insect Kingdom Museum features giant millipedes, tarantulas, rhino-beatles and many more.
• Underwater World Singapore is one of Asia's most exciting tropical oceanarium.

Uncover Singapore's colourful history:

• Built in the 1880's, Fort Siloso served as the last bastion of the British forces during the Japanese invasion of Singapore.
• Located at the summit of Mount Imbiah which provides a commanding view of the Indonesian islands, are the remains of the Mount Imbiah Battery.
• Begin an exciting voyage of discovery of Singapore's maritime heritage at the Maritime Museum.
• Images of Singapore, a museum complex comprising Pioneers of Singapore, Surrender Chambers and Festivals of Singapore, vividly kaleidoscope the history and cultures of Singapore.

Sentosa offers a gastronomic experience too. A food centre offers a vast array of local delights and Western cuisine. Alternatively, dine at one of the many food and beverage outlets on the island, offering choices that range from fast food and hawkers' fare to 5-star gourmet cuisines. The resort hotels, The Beaufort Singapore and Shangri-La's Rasa Sentosa Resort, offer stylish luxury including access to inviting, golden sand beaches. At Sijori Resort, formerly pre-war buildings are now restored to offer their old charm with modern conveniences.

1. Symbolism of the National Flag: Red symbolises universal brotherhood and equality of man while white signifies pervading and everlasting purity and virtue. The crescent moon represents a young nation on the ascendant and the five stars signify the ideals of democracy, peace, progress, justice and equality.
   
2. The national flower of Singapore, Vanda Miss Joaquim, was first discovered in 1893 by Agnes Joaquim, an Armenian. The orchid is a natural hybrid between V. teres and V. hookeriana.
   
3. The Merlion, a half-fish, half-lion beast, is a fitting symbol of Singapore. The "Singa" or lion represents the animal that a Sumatran prince saw which resembled a lion, and the fish is a tribute to Singapore's history as "Temasek" - the ancient sea town.
   
4. The world's first night zoo, The Night Safari, is located in Singapore.
   
   
   
5. The most common Chinese surname in Singapore is Tan, followed by Lim, Lee and Ng.
   
6. The Bukit Timah Nature Reserve in Singapore contains more species of plants than the entire North American continent.
   
7. The Singapore Sling was first served in 1915 at the Long Bar of the Raffles Hotel. The ingredients are gin, Cointreau, cherry brandy, Dom Benedictine, pineapple juice, Grenadine, Angoustura bitters and limes.
   
8. The largest fountain recorded in the Guinness Book of Records is located in Singapore at Suntec City.
   
9. The world's highest man-made waterfall (30m) is located in Singapore at the Jurong BirdPark.
   
10. Singapore is a stopover point for thousands of migratory birds travelling the East Asian Flyway.
    
11. One of the oldest roads in Singapore is Serangoon Road. It was marked on ancient maps as "The Road Through the Island".
    
    
    
12. 'Teh Tarik' (local tea) is "pulled" from one cup to another to create a layer of foam.
    
13. You can come face to face with a polar bear on the equator at the Singapore Zoological Gardens.
    
14. Singapore entered the Guinness Book of Records in 1994 for making the longest popiah measuring over 50 metres in length.
    
15. In 1994, the Society of Professional Chefs in Singapore set a world record for the longest satay, measuring over 50 metres.
    
16. Chef Simon Sang of Mandarin Hotel set a world record for pulling over 8,000 strands of noodles within a minute during the 1994 Singapore Food Festival.
    
17. More Singaporeans are born in the month of October than any other month of the year.
    
18. Although English is the most common language spoken in Singapore, the national anthem 'Majulah Singapura' is sung in Malay.
    
19. The inaugural World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference was held in Singapore (9 - 13 December 1996).
    
20. Singapore's Kandang Kerbau Maternity Hospital entered the Guinness Book of Records in 1966 for having 39,835 deliveries in a year.
    
21. Singapore's Oriental Singers broke the Guinness Book records for singing continuously for 74 hours and 5 minutes on 25 December 1986.
    
22. Mr Tan Eng Yoon was the first Singaporean to win a gold medal in the Southeast Peninsular Games (renamed SEA Games) 400m hurdles in 1959.
    
23. Geylang Serai was not always known as such. Back in the 19th century, it was known as Geylang Konabra but because of the commonplace of lemon grass (known as serai) in the area, it gradually became known as Geylang Serai.
    
    
    
24. The oldest and most important of Singapore's Hindu temples, the Sri Mariamman Temple, is located in the heart of Chinatown.
    
25. The buildings of Suntec City have been built in the shape of a palm of a hand for good "feng shui".
    
26. Since 1967, the government has issued for general circulation four series of currency notes (orchid, bird, ship and portrait series) and two series of currency coins (sea animals and flora).

Little India welcomes you to a unique experience of Singapore. Here, the heartland of the Indian community is a cacophony of colours, sounds and scents. You can find the spiritual interwoven with the material needs and practices of the people as well as shop for the unexpected and the unusual. You'll discover an array of Indian silks, brassware and bangles that will fascinate you. Or simply find out what goes on behind temple doors. Follow your nose to excellent restaurants in Little India serving North and South Indian cuisine. Witness living tradition when you visit one of the last-known Indian spice grinders and itinerant yoghurt-sellers. The possibilities are endless. So take a stroll with us in Little India. This proposed route will take you about an hour to get through and a little longer if you linger to soak in the atmosphere. If you have more time, explore other exciting places in Little India just outside our main route. Note that on Sundays Little India can become rather crowded when all the Indian foreign workers go there to shop, eat or simply catch up with friends. We hope that after your tour with us, you'll find yourself coming back to Little India for more.
		Chapati A flat whole-wheat bread served with dahl and vegetables Dhosai A rice flour and lentil pancake Gulam jamun Cream cheese balls in syrup Kulfi A rich milk dessert with nuts (Indian ice cream) Paan wallah A seller of paan -a preparation with betel leaf, betel nut, lime and spices Prata A crisp-crusty pancake served with curry gravy Puri A deep-fried bread served with potato curry Samosa A triangular snack filled with potatoes Teh-halia Ginger tea Teh-tarik Tea, hand-pulled so as to aerate for flavour Thairu Yoghurt Vada A savoury lentil doughnut
		Ganesha The elephant-headed God of Wisdom and Prosperity, the Remover of Obstacles Kali The Hindu Goddess of Power, the consort of Shiva Kwan Yin The Taoist Goddess of Mercy Murugan The second son of God Shiva Shiva The Destroyer in the Hindu Trinity
When Sir Stamford Raffles sailed into Singapore in 1819, with him was an entourage of 120 Indian assistants and soldiers. These were among the first Indian settlers in Singapore, and they resided mainly in the area near Chulia Street in Chinatown, which Raffles had originally designated for the Indian community. In the late 19th century, many more Indian migrants came to Singapore to find work, be it to build roads, clear swamps or to take up key positions in the civil service. Two major reasons for the influx of Indians into the site where Little India stands today were the introduction of cattle-rearing on the fertile land near Rochor River by wealthy cattle merchants such as Mr Belilios (a Jewish Indian from Calcutta), and the building of the Race Course for the Europeans nearby in 1843. Immigrants from Calcutta, Madras and Malaya flocked here and by the turn of the century, this area, once covered in gambier, banana and vegetable plantations, had become a flourishing commercial centre for the Indian community. Spreading out from both sides of Serangoon Road, this little enclave of the Indian community became fondly known as Little India.
Across the bus-stop you can This site was once see Little India Arcade. This cluster of shophouses was conserved in 1982 and later turned into this bustling shopping haven. Look out for Handlooms, a sari shop supported by the Government of India. The sari is actually a single piece of fabric of about a metre in width and 6 yards in length, draped around the body of a woman and tied like a pleated skirt with one end of the fabric thrown over the shoulder. ith the sari, the woman wears a chat;, a short-fitting blouse. Taking a closer look at the more elaborate fabrics, you will see real gold and silver threads woven into them. You may even wish to purchase the sari fabric to be tailored into modern dresses. Enter from the Serangoon Road entrance and you'll see a confectionery selling traditional Indian sweets and snacks. Try desserts like kutfi, a rich milk dessert, or gutam jamun, cream cheese balls in syrup. For a snack, you can try vada, a savoury lentil doughnut. But beware of the green chilli which is always a lot hotter than it looks. In the arcade you'll also find Ayurved;c medicine shops. Ayurvedic medicine life and "veda": knowledge) or the "Science of Life" is a very ancient Indian medicinal practice. You can buy some of these traditional remedies which are used for different ailments from haemorrhoids to rheumatism. Nearby, you can also see the paan wa/fah or betel nut seller. Mildly narcotic, betel nuts are believed to be good for the digestive system. Pieces of betel nuts, chopped fine or coarse, are mixed with lime paste and sometimes other spices. They are then rolled up in a betel leaf, popped into the mouth and chewed. Don't forget to walk into the many Indian craft shops and booths to discover the exciting mix of carvings, sculptures, brassware and artefacts. Pause to admire the Hindu images while shopping for pretty drapes and covers for your home. At the air-conditioned food court,look' ~~ out for a video presentation that gives an Don't miss the insightful perspective on Indian culture through "Arcade's Dollar the eyes of a prominent Indian doctor. You can Deal" available at even buy a souvenir copy of the story signs some stalls in the that you will see placed amongst traditional food court. products in the arcade to explain their symbolism and values. They are available at GGS Publications, Books and Stationery at #0 1-03 Little IndiaArcade or theAsian Women's Welfare Association at No.9 Norris Road. Leave Little India Arcade by Campbell Lane, turn right and you'll see the vividly colourful flower shops selling garlands and fresh flowers. Flowers play an important role in the Indian way of life as they are a symbol of prosperity. Look at how the garland-makers briskly weave their red, yellow and white flower creations from roses, marigolds and the flower of happiness, jasmine. On Tuesdays and Fridays, the Hindu holy days, gods are honoured with simple strands of jasmine. But on religiously significant days, more elaborate strands are ordered and placed on the deities in the temple and at home. It is also common to see Indian ladies wearing strings of blossoms in their hair. Beyond the aromatic flower shops, you will notice a large brightly painted yellow shop front. P. Govindasamy Pillai & Sons or "PGP" as it is affectionately known is located here. Founded by P. Govindasamy Pillai, a patriarch of the Indian community well-known for his charitable works, the shop is now run by his sons. Being one of the earliest sari shops in Serangoon Road, it is now a key landmark in Little India. To get into PGP, first walk into Kuna's Handicraft Shop where you'll find a wide range of traditional Indian arts and crafts. You- will see sculptures tucked away in corners,. T alongside oil lamps, bangles and peacock feathers. You can certainly pick up that special souvenir for a loved one here. Walking through Kuna's will lead you to PGP supermarket, well-stocked with everything from Indian utensils and sandalwood incense to spice mixes for fish and meat curries. In fact, these spices are actually ground fresh at a traditional spice grinder (we will visit one later in the tour). Don't forget to proceed upstairs to the sari shop filled with sari, shawls, scarves and modern garments in both traditional and modern designer fabrics. Walk through PGP, exit onto Dunlop Street and turn right. Pop into the different provision and textile shops along this road. You’ will find not just staples such as rice and sugar but also a curious variety of products ranging from special Indian cosmetics such as kohl, henna dyes (for decorating the hands) and perfumed oils, to terracotta pots for cooking curries. Walk further down and you will see an interesting mix of textile and Indian dress shops. About Dunlop Street Dunlop Street is one of several roads with European names that you can find in Little India. In the I 840s, it was a private road that led from Serangoon Road to the private residence of Mr A E Dunlop, the Inspector- General of Police. His residence has since vanished and the road has been taken over by rows of shophouses. In fact, this used to be a bustling open-air vegetable street market leading to the mosque further down the road. At the junction of Dunlop Street and Clive Street, you can either make two left turns to the food joints in Upper Dickson Road (refer to 6) or detour and walk down Dunlop Street to the next two stop-points -a mosque and a church. Keep walking down Dunlop Street for another 10 minutes and you'll find on your right the Abdul Gaffoor Mosque, one of Singapore's 32 national gazetted monuments. While most Indians are Hindus, some follow the Muslim faith. On Fridays, many will congregate here for prayers. Originally a wooden structure built on land leased by Shaik Abdul Gaffoor bin Shaik Hyder in 1859, the mosque was rebuilt in brick in 1910. It now features a glass cupola, and an unusual blend of Arabic and Renaissance Architecture. When entering grounds of worship, make sure your legs are covered to the ankles and remember to take off your shoes. Note that only worshippers are allowed to enter- the prayer hall. Although the mosque is open all year round, visitors are advised to refrain I from entering during prayer sessions in the 1 evenings and all day on Fridays. Just behind the mosque, you're welcome to join the friendly people at a little snack shop selling Indian Muslim snacks such as samosas and vadas. Take a short break and enjoy a cup of iced teh-tahrik," hand-pulled tea" (6.30 am - 12 noon) or teh alia (3 pm -8 pm). Open only on Saturdays and Sundays between 9 am to I pm, this 1850 Anglican church served the Chinese community of Hock Chew and Hinghwa descent in Little India. Walk all the way up the stairs and you'll find a unique sanctuary with a huge Chinese ideogram for the word "love" above the altar. Note the Bible verses in Chinese painted onto the pillars and walls. Interestingly, the names of donors of the pews are inscribed at the base of the kneelers. Leaving the church, turn right and walk down Dickson Road to Upper Dickson Road. As you encounter the countless North -Indian and South Indian speciality restaurants ~ along the way, you'll know why Little India is reputed for good food. Here at Upper ) Dickson Road, there are a number of highly recommended vegetarian restaurants to suit every budget. At New Woodlands Restaurant you can watch food being prepared in an open kitchen and savour interesting items such as Rocket Dosai and Thoiru Vada. Just across the road, you can experience the first Indian fast food joint in Singapore called Komalas. If, however, you fancy stepping into the most established restaurant in Little India, check out Komala Vilas at No.12 Buffalo Road. For a different dining experience, have a curry meal with rice and accompanying pulse dishes piled high on a banana leaf. Your utensils are your hands and it is polite to eat only with your right hand and never with the left as the left hand is associated with uncleanliness. Don't worry -if you need to, ask for a fork and spoon and of course, a huge glass of lime juice. Aside from the traditional Indian meals, you may also want to savour Indian Muslim food in one of the many open-fronted coffee shops. Try the tasty prata, a crisp-crusty pancake. Catch the prata maker flipping the paper thin dough into the air with his hands, before folding it over and tossing it onto the well-oiled griddle. About Vegetarianism Vegetarianism is associated with religious purity. Hinduism dictates that all animal life should be revered. The cow. in particular. is highly revered as it is the provider of milk and transportation and traditionally served man to till his fields. This respect for animal life led to the growth of one of the healthiest and tastiest cuisines. Try delicious vegetable and pulse curries with either white or saffron-flavoured rice. You can also order delicious Indian breads such as chappatis. flat whole-wheat bread served with dahl and vegetable. dhosai. a chewy rice flour and lentil pancake. or puris. deep fried bread served with curry. Walk back onto Serangoon Road and cross the road at the junction of Veerasamy Road. Built by indentured Bengali labourers in 1881, this temple is dedicated to the Hindu Goddess Kali, the consort of Shiva. She is known as the Goddess of Power and the name "Veeramakaliamman" means "Kali the Courageous". On holy days (Tuesdays and Fridays), the streets are busy with devotees on their way to pray. worship and make requests to Kali for blessings. This temple is closed between 12.30 pm and 4 pm everyday. Note that women who are undergoing the monthly cycle are considered "unclean" and are not allowed to enter temple grounds. In this temple, the main shrine contains a jet black statue of Kali, with her sons Ganesha and Murugan on each side. Kali is represented as having many pairs of arms and hands, and i n her hands she carries the weapons of destruction. Ganesha the elephant god is best known as the Remover of Obstacles. Murugan is often depicted as riding a peacock and his birthday is celebrated by the Thaipusam festival. This spectacular two-day celebration is held during the full moon of the auspicious Hindu month of Thai. This usually occurs in late january. About Hindu Temples As you enter the gates of the temple, look up at the gopuram or the tower over the- entrance of the temple. Covered with [ figurative sculptures of gods and goddesses 11 and mythological beasts, this tower is visible g from afar so devotees can even say their prayers 1 without stepping inside the temple. Notice strings of fresh mango and coconut leaves hanging above temple doors -they are signs of welcome and purity. Do remember to remove your shoes and leave them outside. At the door, devotees ask God to grant their requests by ringing the bells before entering. They also purify themselves by washing their hands and feet, and sprinkling water on their heads. Near the door, look out for the aluminium enclosure into which devotees break coconuts as a symbol of breaking their egos to reveal their pure and kind inner-selves. Within the temple compound, remember to walk in a clock-wise direction and only encircle the temple hall an odd number of times as a sign of good luck. Look out for the offerings of bananas (symbol of abundance), mangoes and even sari for the goddesses at the shrine. Notice the use of the lotus, a symbol of human life to the Hindus, as a decorative motif. As the lotus bud stretches towards the sun despite its roots being embedded in mud; likewise man strives for the spiritual despite being rooted deeply in nature. Coming out of the temple, turn right and carryon down Serangoon Road. By now you would have noticed the numerous goldsmith shops along Serangoon Road. ]Traditionally, Indian goldsmiths were well- respected as they were also the image-makers of the gods. Today, many of these goldsmiths are still true Indian craftsmen, creating jewellery from ancient patterns. However, some of these shops are run by Chinese businessmen now. In the shops, you can see navarethinam, a ring encrusted with nine different gems, each representing the nine visible planets including the sun and the moon. Usually worn by men, the ring counteracts the influences of the planets. Interestingly, Indian ladies buy ear-rings that screw clockwise, a direction associated with things positive and good by the Hindus. To the Indians, elephant hair is believed to bring good luck and is often found embedded in gold rings for both sexes. In fact, devotees can even buy small silver representations of body parts and offer them to temples to heal pain in their bodies. The temples then resell them to fund the temples. Carryon down Serangoon Road until you come to your starting point - Zhujiao Centre. In Mandarin, the name means "the foot of bamboo shoots", reminding us of the early bamboos growing in abundance by the Rochor River. The original produce market that once stood across here was called Kandang Kerbau Market or K K Market; the word "kandang kerbau" means cattle pen in Malay, a reminder of the cattle-rearing days here. Today Zhujiao Market or K K Market, as it is still affectionately referred to, bustles with a produce market selling fruit and vegetables as well as a meat and fish wet market. At one end there's a hawkers' centre offering typical Singaporean hawker fare. Then climb up the stairs to discover the clothing, brassware and antique stalls on the next floor. From bed-spreads, tailor- made dresses to quaint knick-knacks, you'll find virtually everything here. We have come to the end of the guided tour but this is certainly not all there is to discover. If you have a little more time, please do check out the other interesting sites highlighted in the next section. Race Course Road If you are looking for a quieter side of Little India. take a stroll down this road named after the Race Course where Farrer Park Stadium now stands. Do check out some of the most famous Indian curry restaurants in Singapore as well as lively pubs that serve up music with a strong Indian beat. However, the MRT construction on one side of this road might cause minor inconvel1ience. Temples - For a refreshing spiritual experience, take any bus at Zhujiao Centre and alight after two bus stops to explore this cluster of houses of worship. Just behind the bus-stop, you'll find Sri Srinivasa Peru mal Temple (built in 1855). one of the two Hindu temples in Singapore gazetted as national monuments. Soak in the serenity and beauty of the vast prayer courtyard. Noteworthy on the left is the chariot that ceremoniously carries the deities. and on the right a thu/asi plant, an auspicious symbol of faith and womanhood, which women encircle and pray to. This temple is open from 6.30 am to noon and from 6 pm to 9 pm. Note that women who are undergoing the monthly cycle must not enter the temple. At the back of the temple, turn right and walk down Race Course Road, and you see Sakya Muni Buddha Gaya Temple with a pair of huge lions at the door. Also known as Temple of 1000 Lights. the 989 lightbulbs surrounding a huge seated Buddha statue, 50 feet high and weighing 300 tonnes, are switched on every time a donation is made. At the base of the statue. do look out for the photographs of temple donors who have passed on. In a chamber at the back of the statue, you can also find the image of the reclining Buddha. For 50 cents, you can even have your fortune told on a wheel on the left of the prayer hall. This temple is open daily from 7.30 am to 4.30 pm. Leave the temple, turn right and walk to the last temple across the road. Built in 1815, Long San Chee Temple or Dragon Mountain Temple is one of the most beautiful Taoist temples in Singapore, dedicated to Kwan Yin, the Taoist Goddess of Mercy. On the right, you can find an altar with the image of Confucius to which many parents bring their children to pray for intelligence and filial piety. This temple is open from 6 am to 6 pm. Mustafa Centre -This three-storey shopping complex is a must-visit for any bargain-hunter. Check out the computer games, clothing, cameras or luggage here. Some of the lowest fixed prices in Singapore are offered here but be prepared for a crush during sale season. Colonial Bar -Situated on the left bank of the Rochor Canal is this unique architectural gem named Ellison Building which is believed to have been built for a Jewish lady called Ellison; hence the Star of David at the top of the building. The two semi-circular domes at both sides were where the British governors once watched the races at the Race Course on Sundays. Colonial Bar is actually one of several Chinese coffee shops and Indian vegetarian restaurants in this building. In fact, it was once the hangout for the European community when it was set up in 1924. Look out for the traditional Indian barber at one end of the building and the Indian magazine stand at the other.

The purpose of this guide is to share with you what makes the Singapore River so special -a testimony of how this island one degree North of the equator was transformed from an obscure fishing village to a great seaport and modern metropolis, famous for its skyscrapers, the Merlion and "gastrono-mania". The Singapore River was where our first immigrants eked out their meagre living, and where the lucky few fought against all odds to make it big. But it was also a place to relax. Now, as it was then, you will find people unwinding after a hard day's work, along the river banks. This guide highlights two routes, each of which will take about 2 hours to explore. Both routes offer different experiences by day and by night. Route I -The Rafflesian Legacy, takes the form of a structured walking tour to help you take in all the significant sites on this route. We would like to suggest that you experience Route I in the cooler hours of the early morning or late afternoon. Route 2 -The River Celebration, is best enjoyed nearer dusk when River life is at its most vibrant. Route 2 is deliberately unstructured, as only you can decide which of many exciting options you'd like to zoom in on. Enjoy!
	Commuting to the Singapore River: BY MRT Alight at Raffles Place MRT Station. BY RIVERSIDE TROLLEY A free trolley service runs a loop, beginning at: a) City Hall MRT Station (look for Trolley Stop outside the Capitol Bldg exit) Operating hours: Sam -1'.4spm, every 15 minutes, daily. b) Raffles Place MRT Station (take the UOB Plaza I exit, walk away from the river, and look for Trolley Stop on Market Street) Operating hours: 12pm -2.30pm / spm -7.30pm, every S minutes, weekdays (excluding public holidays). Both Trolley Services stop at: Clarke Quay Liang Court Shopping Centre. Riverside Point Merchant Court Hotel Commuting within the Singapore River: BY RIVER TAXI Catch a river-taxi for about $2 from the river banks along Boat Quay and Clarke Quay. BY FOOT To get from Boat Quay to Clarke Quay, walk towards South Bridge Road and cross Elgin Bridge onto North Bridge Road. Take the underpass on your right which will lead you to River Valley Road where you will find a few metres ahead, another underpass, just before Coleman Bridge which will take you to Clarke Quay. BY RIVERSIDE TROLLEY See above.
	The early history of Singapore is an intriguing blend of fact and fiction, dating as far back as the third century. In the seventh century, a Malayan Buddhist empire was established on the island of Sumatra. Temasek, or Sea Town as Singapore was then known, was a prosperous trading outpost of this empire. In the thirteenth century, a member of the Royal family, Sang Nila Utama, was sailing the seas in search of a site to build a new city. Arriving at the ] sandy shores of an island, he caught sight of a strange animal which he was told was Singa (Sanskrit word for lion). Sang Nila Utama felt that it was a good omen and decided to build his new city here, naming it Singapura -Lion City. Singapore remained a possession of the Sultanate, until that fateful day in January 1819, when Sir Stamford Raffles of the East India Company signed an agreement with the Sultan of Johor, giving the British the right to establish a trading post on the island, and to proclaim it a free port. Raffles wrote a visionary statement which encapsulated the purpose of his securing this little seaport. "Our object is not territory but trade; a great commercial emporium and a fulcrum whence we may extend our influence politically as circumstances may hereafter require."
	A good place to start is at Fullerton Building which is just to the right of the Raffles Place MRT (UOB Plaza I exit). It was formerly the site of a fort, where it had all the makings of a fortress: a lookout point, afederal reserve of artillery and other offensive weaponry. Since 1925, it has had more genial occupations, first as the exclusive Singapore Club,and then as the General Post Office and Inland Revenue Authority.It is currently closed to the public. Battery Road, which is behind the building, took its name from the battery of heavy artillery kept there.
	Just beside Fullerton Building is Cavenagh Bridge. Constructed in 1868, Singapore's only suspension ]bridge was named after Colonel Sir William Orfeur Cavenagh, the last India-appointed Governor of Singapore. It was the third bridge to be built and the oldest to be maintained in all its original splendour. Before you cross over the bridge, look over the left railings where you'll spy a family of Kucinta cats (Singapore's river cats), recognised as one of the smallest breeds of cats in the world. Cavenagh Bridge was originally named Edinburgh Bridge because it was used for the first time when the Duke of Edinburgh visited Singapore.
	From Cavenagh Bridge, look to your right for the underpass that will take you to Queen Elizabeth Walk, In the I 880s, Queen Elizabeth Walk was lined with lovely European houses and was regarded as the charming heart of "Mayfair", Today, Queen Elizabeth Walk overlooks a generous sweep of the River's mouth, backed by the water-spouting Merlion.
	Further along Queen Elizabeth Walk is the Um Bo Seng Memorial. It was erected in memory of Lim Bo Seng who was a prominent Hokkien businessman and an anti-Japanese guerrilla during the gruelling World War II years. Throughout the most difficult times, Lim Bo Seng was known to be loyal to his cause, costing the lives of many members of his family who were seized by the soldiers and never seen again. He was captured when the Kempeitai (Japanese secret police) discovered that he was an undercover agent of the resistance movement. Refusing to betray his comrades, he died under torture three months later.
	Retrace your steps back to Anderson Bridge. Named after Sir johnAnderson, Governor of the Straits Settlements, Anderson Bridge was built in 1910 as Cavenagh Bridge was unable to the stone plaque cope with the increasing traffic.
	Walk along Anderson Bridge to the Merlion Park. Half-fish, half-Iion, the Merlion is a fitting symbol of Singapore as legend has it that the 'Singa', or lion, which Prince Sang Nila Utama first caught sight of on the island, was seen near this very spot. Integrating the lion head with the body of a fish was a means of paying tribute to Singapore's history as 'Temasek' - the ancient sea town.
	Dalhousie Obelisk Retrace your steps along Anderson Bridge and through the underpass. As you emerge from the underpass, you will find on your right the Dalhousie Obelisk. It was dedicated to Marquis Dalhousie, the Governor General of India from 1848-1856 and who visited Singapore merchants of the in 1850.
	Further ahead is the original bronze statue of Singapore's founder, Sir Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles (I 781-1 826). Sculptured by Thomas Woolner, it was unveiled at its original site on the Padang in 1887, Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee Year. It was later shifted to its current location during Singapore's Centenary celebrations in 1919. The statue was spared destruction as it was kept in storage during World War II (1942-1945).
	Victoria Theatre and Concert Hall was dedicated to the memory of Queen Victoria, with almost half its construction cost of $368,000 funded by the people of Singapore. While the left portion of the building (Victoria Theatre), was built as Singapore's Town House in 1862, the right side (Victoria Concert Hall), only opened in 1905 and is currently home to the Singapore Symphony Orchestra. The gap between the buildings was filled by a central clock tower much later. During the Japanese occupation of Singapore in World War II, this clock like all others, had chimed to Tokyo, rather than local time. Now concerts every Friday and Saturday chime decidedly to a much more favourable tune.
	Empress Place Building was constructed between 1864-65 and designed by J.F McNair. It too was named after Queen Victoria, Empress of India. The central portion is the oldest, having Civilisations served as a Court House. In the past, Empress Place had also served as an immigration department, ]various government offices as well as a historical and cultural museum.It will soon open its doors again as the second wing of the Asian Civilisations Museum.
	Located next to Empress Place Building along Parliament Lane, this is the oldest government building in Singapore. It was first constructed in 1827 as a residence for Scottish merchant, john Argyle Maxwell. Due to a dispute over his legal rights to the land, it was never lived in and instead was leased and later bought over for government use. It was extended and rebuilt several times, serving as a Court House, a post office, and the Assembly House of the colonialgovernment before taking on the important station as the Seat of Parliament for an independent Singapore in 1965. Look out for the bronze elephant in front of the building, a gift from King Chulalongkorn of Siam, who visited Singapore in 1871. The statue is a reminder of the close relations Singapore and Thailand enjoy.
	With his back to the River, the polymarble copy of the original bronze statue of Sir Stamford Raffles marks his first landing site on Singapore. From here catch a panoramic view of Boat Quay and the Raffles Place skyline behind, and soak in the marvellous contrast which is so uniquely Singapore. We also highly recommend that you take a half-hour River Cruise on board a traditional bumboat, for about $7, and experience an intimate perspective of life along the Singapore River while enjoying a lively commentary on the history of the River. At the end of the cruise, request to disembark at Boat Quay (tide permitting). This will enable you to carry on exploring at Boat Quay and Circular Road, a road just behind Boat Quay, but existing in a world apart. Alternatively, you can walk back to Boat Quay and Circular , Road via Cavenagh Bridge.
	Evening time when the neon lights beckon, colourful facades and playful thematic restaurants and pubs turn Boat Quay into the River's most appealing pedestrian walk. Take the time to enjoy the intoxicating blend of cocktails and cosmopolitan array of mouth-watering cuisine, which will satisfy even the most finnicky eater. Imagine that only a century ago, sun-tanned coolies and swaylos (water-hands) balanced heavy gunny-sacks of rice over their shoulders, with springy gangplanks under their feet, loading and unloading a bewildering plethora of produce. When Raffles signed the agreement securing the auspicious title of free port for Singapore, this instantly triggered a landslide of immigrants from neighbouring countries. Within six months, Boat Quay became a hothouse for trading, and in the 1860's, three quarters of all shipping businesses were done at Boat Quay. Here was the starting point of all that is Singapore today; affluent, hardworking and adamant on success. Immigrants were keen to erect their shophouses on the already crammed south side of the River, because it resembled the concaved belly of a carp, which according to Chinese belief, was where prosperity and wealth lay. Notice how the row of shophouses, which have been carefully conserved, vary in height. This was a sign of each man's wealth -the higher the shophouse, the wealthier the owner.
	Sandwiched between Boat Quay and the financial district is Circular Road, frozen in time and almost detached in its continual determination to survive the changing riverscape. Circular Road resembles Singapore in the 1950s, where clans and societies, traders and wholesalers still eke out their modest living amidst towering banks and entrepreneurial glitterati. Circular Road oozes the old world charm best seen during the working hours of 10 am - 5 pm. These shops, seeped in the family tradition of passing the business from one generation to another, still have their Teochew and Hokkien surnames proudly advertising their wares or trades. As you walk by, count how many 'Tan's and 'Lim's (Chinese surnames commonly found in Singapore) there are left of their once bustling trade. Note the mirrors hung on doorways to reflect away evil spirits as they convene at blind roads and alley ways. Look out for the mystical ba gua, or eight positions - an ancient Chinese fortune-telling device. After exploring Boat Quay and Circular Road, you may proceed on to Clarke Quay (Route 2 -River Celebration) via Elgin Bridge, or you may choose to return later. Whatever the case, directions for how to get to Clarke Quay and Riverside Village can be found on the "Directions" page at the front of this map.
	This was completed in 1929 and named after the then governor General of India, Lord Elgin. As this was the first bridge to be built across the River, the two roads leading to it were named North Bridge Road and South Bridge Road accordingly. Elgin Bridge served to link the Chinese community on the south side of the River to the Indian merchants of High Street on the north side. The area around the Elgin Bridge had been a popular site for swimming and there have been many tragic stories of youngsters who, not realising how shallow the waters were, had leapt off this bridge to their deaths. If you sidle up to the bronze plaques emblazoned onto the concrete slabs, you will find a lion standing in front of a Royal palm, sculpted and signed by R. Nolli (an Italian master craftsman), perhaps depicting how Sang Nila Utama saw the beast in the legend.
	From seafood to satay, Italian to Indonesian, Singapore's first riverside village has 176 shops and more than 20 pubs and restaurants to satisfy the shopping-hungry or the plain famished. The emotive quality to Clarke Quay could best be described as celebratory. In the day, you can immerse yourself in discovering refurbished warehouses packed with curios, gifts and speciality shops. A flea market thrives on Sundays putting a price on the salvaged past, be it an old poster, an antique watch or a gramophone. Named after SirAndrew Clarke,Singapore's second governor, Clarke Quay had been the commercial centre where an unending stream of lighters would transport their goods upriver to the very warehouses that now contain shops of every extravagant nature. Near the entrance to Clarke Quay on River Valley Road is Whampoa's Ice House which belonged to Hoo Ah Kay, an early immigrant from Whampoa, China who imported ice from Boston in the mid 1800s before ice- making facilities were available in Singapore. Note how the Chinese and European merchants brought their own .architectural styles to the area. In the evening, Clarke Quay becomes a huge night bazaar where you can lose yourself in a maze of push-carts laden with knick-knacks and delicious finger foods like kueh tutu, tea eggs, steamed peanuts and dragon beard candy. Brave the jostling crowds, savour the Satay (Malay kebabs) or taste the most popular king of all fruits- Durians! Enjoy exquisite Wayang -Chinese opera performances every Wednesday, Thursday and Friday from 7:45 pm. to 8:30 pm. at Gas Lamp Square. View the artists' dramatic makeup techniques at the back of the stage an hour before the show. The central Gazebo is the convergent point for all kinds of live entertainment from pop to rock, blues to karaoke.Come after sunset and the smell of grilled prawns and other fruits-de-mer will lure you deeper into the heart of the northern quay.
	Coleman Bridge, with its thick white pillars, was completed in 1886 and named after its Irish architect George Drumgold Coleman, who also Aias designed St. Andrew's Cathedral and Parliament Cirst House. This present structure that stands before tect you is the fourth to be erected at the same site, though the eight lamp posts have been there since its completion in 1886 and have been re-erected through the years.
	Named after William Henry Read, an outstanding businessman and legislator, Read Bridge was where street hawkers, coolies and idle youths would gather nightly to hear storytellers spin their tales. Today Read Bridge links Clarke Quay to Merchant Court Hotel, Riverside Point and Riverside Village where entertainment of the twentieth century abounds. Further upriver, Ord Bridge was constructed in 1886 and named after the -first governor of the Straits Settlement to be appointed by the Colonial Office in London, Sir Henry St George Ord.
	Directly across f lies Riverside Point, one of the River's newer attractions. Reminiscent of the old warehouses of yore, this area used to be the seedier quarters of the secret societies, opium dens and prostitutes. Today, if it's a haircut you need, or authentic Asian cuisines you're itching to tryout, or if you simply want to catch up on the latest movie, Riverside Point is the place to go. Under the same roof, you will also find an American-themed microbrewery-cum- restaurant where you can wash your dinner down with a few mugs of freshly-brewed beer. A linkway on the second floor of Riverside Point brings you to Riverside Village, made up of several developments including Merchant Square and Central Mall. Imagine that this was once the infamous squatters' community where plagues of rodents and cockroaches dwelled alongside. Today, Riverside Village draws a different crowd. Labyrinths of shopping complexes interconnected by passages show little of their less-than-perfect-past. Look out for the hip and homely new cooking school where you may be able to catch internationally- acclaimed chefs in action.
	Tan Si Chong Su Temple & Omar Kampong Melaka MasjidThe Tan Si Chong Su Temple was built in 1876 as the ancestral temple and community centre of the Tan clan in Singapore. Financed by two Fujian merchants Tan Kim Cheng and his son Tan Beng Swee, this temple once housed a boys' school and had over two hundred students in 1949. Today, it is considered a national monument. Look upwards and you'll see the blazing pearl at the centre of the pitched roof amidst bols of ceramic flowers and dancing dragons which symbolize celestial power and potency. At the entrance, the ornamentally decorated facade and intricate carvings of lotuses and phoenix symbolize endurance and eminence. As you enter into the courtyard, a pair of red and gold dragons flank a pair of stone lions while the side entrances bear the semblances of fearsome door gods who guard against evil spirits. Just above the antique altar table hangs a signboard with four Chinese characters which translated, means "Help the world and the people" -an apt mantra for the philanthropic family of Tans. Visit also the Omar Kampong Melaka Mosque, which is built on the site of the first mosque in Singapore.
	Fort Canning -The earliest name was Forbidden Hill, having been the place where ancient Malayan royalty took their baths. It was the ceremonial and political centre of the ancient 14th century Temasek civilization. When Raffles came, he stayed on Government Hill till 1859, before it finally became what we now know as Fort Canning. Today, it is a public park and popular venue of outdoor concerts and 'Ballet under the Stars'. Fort Canning itself houses numerous theatre venues. Look out for the "Battle Box" attraction which was the underground nerve centre for the British Military Operations in Southeast Asia. Wander also into the Spice Garden and the Keramat (sacred place) of Iskandar Shah. Chinatown -The resident address of the first immigrants mostly from South China who landed in Singapore. Chinatown has a palpable hub-bub of its own. Pick up our Chinatown "Yours to Explore" Guide and re-live the legacy of Singapore's forefathers. Financial District -Where the skyline is ever changing, and the business community ever growing, the Financial District is chiefly Shenton Way and Robinson Road. A must go in the area is the Lau Pa Sat, where you will find a smorgasboard of local hawker fare. Queen Elizabeth Walk -Breeze along Queen Elizabeth Walk and catch a panoramic view of the stretch of river leading to the marina at Clifford Pier. Anchored at the other end of Queen Elizabeth Walk is The Esplanade -Theatres-on-the- Bay which is to be developed into a central venue for plays, concerts and musicals.

	The purpose of this guide is to share with you what makes the Singapore River so special -a testimony of how this island one degree North of the equator was transformed from an obscure fishing village to a great seaport and modern metropolis, famous for its skyscrapers, the Merlion and "gastrono-mania". The Singapore River was where our first immigrants eked out their meagre living, and where the lucky few fought against all odds to make it big. But it was also a place to relax. Now, as it was then, you will find people unwinding after a hard day's work, along the river banks. This guide highlights two routes, each of which will take about 2 hours to explore. Both routes offer different experiences by day and by night. Route I -The Rafflesian Legacy, takes the form of a structured walking tour to help you take in all the significant sites on this route. We would like to suggest that you experience Route I in the cooler hours of the early morning or late afternoon. Route 2 -The River Celebration, is best enjoyed nearer dusk when River life is at its most vibrant. Route 2 is deliberately unstructured, as only you can decide which of many exciting options you'd like to zoom in on. Enjoy! Singapore's Chinatown is like no other. A place where many of our forefathers first made their homes, where the historic buildings have been lovingly conserved, where century-old beliefs are still practised, and, in a manner true to the New Asia -Singapore spirit, where fashionable new ideas have taken root. The soul of Chinatown runs deep, even as many exciting developments are taking shape. Chinatown is full of contrasts and fascinating details. Some parts of Chinatown aren't even Chinese. It includes one of Singapore's oldest Hindu temples and mosques, built before Chinatown became dominated by the increasing Chinese immigrant population. The purpose of this guide is to share with you what makes Chinatown so special, and help make your visit truly memorable. We encourage you to take time to enjoy the real beauty of Chinatown and to soak in the difference by day and night. This guide highlights two routes, each of which will take at least one hour to explore. You can start almost anywhere along the routes shown in the map overleaf, but we take particular delight in suggesting that you start your Chinatown tour, quite paradoxically, at the Hindu temple. First, a little history to help you understand the context. Chinatown's history dates back to Singapore founding as a trading post in 1819 by Sir Stamford Raffle. With its strategic location and deep natural habour, Singapore's status as a free port proved to be a great success and a magnet for new immigrants seeking their fortunes. The first junk-load of immigrants arrived at the mouth of the Singapore River in 1821 from Xiamen, in Fujian province, China. These pioneers erected the original Thian Hock Keng Temple to thank the Goddess of the Sea for their safe voyage, and to ask for continued fortune in their new homeland. Chinatown became a place which these immigrants calledhome, while the nearby Singapore River became a place to find work. Conditions were harsh, sanitation minimum and gang crime rampant. The only source of fresh water was from the well at Spring Street. Each household had to collect fresh water in bullock-drawn carts, hence Chinatown's local name - Niu Che Shui (Bullock Cart Water) Many coolie workers from China, filled with hopes of a glorious and successful future, found themselves living abject conditions. Opium, their favoured vice, made it difficult for them to pull themselves out of the poverty pit. However, with the difficult conditions in China, the lure of a promised land proved extremely enticing and there was always a steady flow of new immigrants to Singapore. Enough Said about its histories and plans. Now, we invite you to experience the sights, sounds and smells of Singapore’s Chinatown. A good place to start is at the Sri Mariamman Temple on South Bridge Road. You will see how this road was the traditional location for goldsmiths, pawn shops and Chinese medical halls. Venture inside a medical hall and allow the learned ladies and gentlemen to find a cure for whatever ails you. Built in 1827 and declared a national monument in 1973, it is the oldest and most important of Singapore's Hindu temples. It is dedicated to the goddess Mariamman who is known for curing extremely serious epidemics such as cholera, chicken pox and small pox -a hint to what health standards must have been like at that time. Notice the striking Gopuram or Pagoda as the British referred to it, which features celebrated acts of the Hindu deities. According to the priests there, any visitor who visits the temple must ring the bell to 'inform' the gods that he is coming into the temple. Likewise, when leaving the temple, the visitor must ring the bell to ‘inform’ the gods of his departure. Once inside, be sure to look up at the elaborate ceiling paintings. This temple’s most important ceremony is Thimithi, in honour of the Goddess. During the ceremony, devotees walk over hot coals in a test of their spirituality. In addition to Hindus, the temple also draws many Chinese devotees. Notice the two Chinese style windows on the walls below the Gopuram. Not found in any other Hindu temples in Singapore, it is believed that these windows were specially built for the Chinese to offer their prayers from outside the temple. Exit the temple and turn left along South Bridge Road. Turn left again into Pagoda Street and you will notice statues of cows (the sacred animal of the Hindus) sitting along the walls of the temple. Walk down Pagoda Street and visit one of the many handicraft and antique shops. Make a left turn into Trengganu Street and a right turn into Temple Street. Here you will find a wide array of souvenirs ranging from silks and laquerware to exotic remedies and beauty treatments. You might also be able to spot the groundnut seller at No. 39 and the friendly medical hall along the way. Here, you may wish to take a slight detour to Eu Tong Sen Street & New Bridge Road, where you’ll find authentic local coffee shops and shops full of delicious sweet and savoury tidbits like barbecued cured minced pork. The Garden Bridge takes you over to the Majestic Theatre which was once a popular place for Cantonese Opera and was also used as a cinema. This once grand building has now been gazetted for conservation and may be turned into a teahouse cum retail space. Yue Hwa, the large Chinese emporium next door was formerly the Great Southern Hotel (also known as Nam Tin Hotel), once regarded as the 1950s by the cultural traditions of mainland China, this 6-level building offers a wide range of oriental products ranging from Chinese arts and crafts and traditional furniture to traditional Chinese medicine, precious jewellery and made-to-measure garments. Double back to Trengganu Street and turn right. Straight ahead at the corner of Trengganu Street and Smith Street, stands the remains of the once famed Cantonese opera house, Lai Chun Yuen. In its heyday, crowds from all over would flock outside the already packed theatre, straining to hear their favourite stars sing. It was also the red light district. And with the opium dens just around the corner in Pagoda Street, his part of town was definitely very vibrant and colourful. Today, No.5 Smith Street is home to the Chinese Theatre Circle. On Tuesdays and Fridays, from 8pm to 8.45pm, a talk cum demo on Chinese opera and performance is offered at SGD 15 net per person which includes specially brewed Chinese tea and pastries. Look out too for a traditional Chinese sauce shop at No.52 Smith Street. Here, you can find all sorts of Chinese condiments from soy sauce to plum sauce and vinegar. Continue down Trengganu Street until you come to a large building-the Chinatown Complex, and follow the road left. This is Sago Street where you will find medical halls, a rattan mat weaver, kite and mask artisans, pasty makers and furniture restorers. The street was named after the numerous sago (a glutinous tropical crop used in puddings) factories which used to operate here. This area was also infamous for its funeral parlours and dark, dingy death houses. The terminally ill who were without family used to wait out their last days here. When you reach the end of Sago Street, look right and you will see an eye-catching colonial building which used to be the Jinrickshaw Station. These human-drawn jinrickshaws or carriages were a popular mode of transport in the 1890s. The Chinese believe that whatever is used in this world can be taken to the next, so paper replicas are often burned at funerals, to give the deceased a comfortable start on the other side. Today, these can include paper Mercedes Benz cars, Cock cans and gold credit cards. Visit some of the colourful stores that sell these goods along Banda Street. From Banda Street, walk up to the plaza that fronts the Chinatown Complex - an especially vibrant experience of everyday Singapore. Look out for old folks catching up on the morning's gossip. Also step back and enjoy in full perspective, the colourful stretch of restored shop houses on Sago Street. In the basement of the Chinatown Complex you'll find what the locals call a "wet- Stumble upon market" -so called because of the wet floors and abundance of fresh produce. Explore the labyrinth and you might even stumble upon stalls selling potent herbs and exotic meats such as turtles, frogs and snakes. A maze of small units (or Department Stores, as they call themselves) selling everything from mahjong tiles and Chinese periodicals to CDs, computer games, clothes and steelware inhabit the ground floor. The second floor houses some of Singapore's best eating stalls that once lined the streets of Chinatown. This place is often crowded and constantly bustling even up to 9.30pm. The food is tasty, often spicy and very affordable -an experience definitely worth savouring. Start Route 2 across the Sri Mariamman temple at Eu Yang Sang one of Singapore' s oldest medical halls. Opened in Singapore in 1910, the leading producer and retailer of traditional Chinese medicines is run by the 4th generation “Eus”. Here, traditional Chinese medicines are pre-packaged attractively for easy purchase and consumption and made more accessible to non-Chinese speaking customers with English translation on the packers. Coming out of Eu Yan Sang, turn left and left again into Ann Siang Hill. Walk up Ann Siang Hill, which was the traditional site for remittance houses – for the largely illiterate immigrant population to send money home. The area around Ann Siang Hill and Club Street is also full of Clan and Sporting Associations, their walls crammed with trophies and photographs of old members and founders. Walk up the entrance of No.14 Ann Siang Road and look at the floorboards above. You’ll see a boarded up square peephole. In the past, ladies used to peep through this hole to see who was at the door. I At this juncture, it is possible to take a detour to TelokAyer Street. This street is highly recommended for its three national monuments. and you have the option of following the main roads, or a short cut through some back alleys as shown in the map. Please take the necessary 'back alley' precautions and avoid this shortcut at night. Allow a good one hour and a half for this detour. For the short cut, follow these instructions: At the end of Ann Siang Road, find a path to the left of the large building. Follow this path and go down the stairs. As you come to a backlane, turn right and follow it as it turns left onto a narrow road, and then onto Amoy Street. Pop into the Sin Chor Kung Temple on your right, and then go straight ahead to the next road, which is Telok Ayer Street. The three monuments and the Fuk Tak Chi Museum are to the left of this street. Telok Ayer Street -The magnificent Thian Hock Keng Temple (currently under restoration with works taking place till 200 I), built between 1839 and 1842, has tiles from Holland and steel railings from Glasgow. You can also find the Nagore Durgha Shrine, built between 1828 -1830 for the South Indian Muslims, and the AI-Abrar Mosque, also known as Indian Mosque, built between 1850- 1855. Fuk Tak Chi is the first Chinese temple built in Singapore. The temple has been restored and was reopened in Aug 1998 as a museum. So called because the ground floor would be used as a shop space while the owners lived on the upper levels. The architecture of the buildings in this area is known as 'Chinese Baroque' - a melange of Chinese, Malay and European influences. The Malay influence can be seen from the detailed wood carvings and the Pintupagar -cowboy-style swing doors that let in the breeze but keep out prying eyes. The British colonial influence is evident in the neo- classical Georgian windows, cornices and Art Deco designs. The Chinese influence is the most obvious and colourful of all, of which many elements are symbolic good luck measures. Look out for figurines of protective Gods on the door lintels, of windows or shelves – to ward off evil spirits by frightening them with their own reflections. Some old shophouses have ceramic roofs which end in a series of half moon tiles (for example, Nos. 4-10A Ann Siang Hill). These are meant to direct the flow of rainfall, a symbol of prosperity, over the front of the shophouses which have two grilled vents shaped like a bat. In Mandarin, bat is “Bian Fu” – a synonym for prosperity. You can see some examples as you back track to Club Streets, for example Nos. 90 & 92 Club Street. Venture through Club Street, the next immediate right onto a ‘side’ Club Street. At the top of the road you will come across a grand Victorian manor entitled, with vast understatement, the ‘Chinese Weekly Entertainment Club’ after which Club Street takes its name. This was founded in 1891 by a Peranakan millionaire, as a gentlemen’s club for powerful movers and shakers among the Chinese community. A few of its members went on to launch some of Singapore's leading banking corporations. Backtrack to the main Club Street, and enjoy the view of the luxurious and finely-decorated balconies. Nos. 33 and 35 were designed in 1932 by the renowned architect Frank Brewer, known for his interesting treatment of exterior plaster work, and his distinctly modern use of Chinese element. Club Street is also a good place to return to at night, when the restaurants and cafes come to life. Turn left onto Mohamad Ali Lane and make an immediate left again. Along this lane, you might still find one of the last traditional idol carvers and a traditional barber still at work. At the end of the lane, you will see across the main road on your right, the Jamae Mosque, one of the oldest mosques in Singapore, built around 1827 by the Chulias -Muslims from South India's Coromandel Coast. The mosque was declared a national monument in 1974. Singapore has often been dubbed a food lovers paradise and Chinatown is no exception. You will find powerful businessmen dining onfine wine and shark's fin, while a few shops away, an old man savours a simple bowl of porridge and smokes a filterless cigarette as if it were a Havana cigar. With the Chinese being the largest indigenous group in Singapore, you can be assured of a wide variety of Chinese dishes. Venture into the many kopitiams or coffees hops to sample Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew, Hokkien and Hainanese cuisine. Classic Cantonese dishes include Dian Xin (Dim Sum) -steamed or fried tidbits -and "Buddha Jumps Over The Wall", a boiled herbal soup. The Hakkas are famous for their Yong Tau Foo, a variety of boiled and fried vegetables filled with fish meat and served with sauces or in soup. Fish Ball Noodles is a specialty of the Teochews who are also famous for their porridge. The Hainanese from the island of Hainan have made their culinary mark in Singapore through the ubiquitous Chicken Rice stalls found all over the island. The Hokkiens, which make up the largest Chinese ethnic group in Singapore, are famous for their noodle dishes like Char Kuay Teow and Hokkien Mee. Far East Square -From Fuk Tak Chi, you may choose to embark on a 10-minute walking trail that weaves through 22 heritage spots in Far East Square, where Singapore's earliest immigrants lived and worked. KretaAyer Road & Keong Saik Road -Where ladies light used to entertain, now a popular Spot for boutique hotels, herbal tonic drinks, and cafes with plenty of character. The URA Gallery -Learn about Singapore's urban development history at the URA Gallery where the key attraction is a huge scale model of the city that also sets out its future development plan. The Gallery is also home to 48 stunning display, interactive touchscreens and exciting 3-D animations. It is located at the URA Centre, 4S Maxwell Road, Singapore 069118. Tel: 321 8321. Opening hours: 9am to 4.30pm (Mon to Fri), 9am to 12.30pm (Sat). Closed on Sun and public holidays. Hong Lim Park Speakers' Corner -Located in Hong Lim Park, the Speakers' Corner provides Singaporeans with a venue where they can speak freely outdoors in public on almost any issue. Drop by the park between 7am and 7pm daily and watch Singaporeans wax lyrical on issues close to their hearts Having always been a predominantly residential area, the East Coast has a distinctive ambience. Take a pleasant walk along East Coast Road and you'll find the original shophouses, brightly painted and decorated by delicate tiles. Overall, it's a relaxed and colourful place to be. Take the MRT to Kembangan and then take a bus or taxi. If you're short of time, a taxi from the city should take approximately 30 minutes to reach this area. Bernie's Dog & Bone Pub Europa Beach Bar OD's Backstage Music Bar The Beach Located in a quiet suburb of Singapore, Holland Village has developed into a lively night-time of activities where you'll find numerous bars and pubs. Virtually every shophouse has something to entertain you for an hour or an evening. Listed below is a good place to start. Wala Wala 31 Lorong Mambong Holland Village Singapore 277689 Tel: (65) 6462 4288 Superb wines are yours for the asking in this interesting bar/restaurant. You'll find it all in the Orchard Road area, the hub for thrill seekers. From dancing to shopping, it's all here. 5 Emerald Hill Bar & Music Lounge Alley Bar Balaclava Bar None Bell Cafe Beyond 97 Blu Brix Carriage Bar Devil's Bar Europa Music Underground Hard Rock Cafe Ice Cold Beer Kabuki Deluxe Nite-Club Les Amis Wine Bar Mezza9 Martini Bar Muddy Murphy's Orchard 501 Papa Joe's Paulaner Brauhaus Que Pasa Ridley's Studio Europa The Black Room The Dubliner Top Ten The Singapore River area has traditionally been the lifeline of commerce in Singapore. Today, it's perhaps one of the liveliest parts of Singapore. The area consists of three popular hangouts, Boat Quay, Clarke Quay and Robertson Quay. A host of night life options and people in the mood to party await you all round the riverside area. To get there, simply take the MRT to Raffles Place and walk in the direction of UOB Plaza. Most establishments are open at least until 2 am. Bar Bar Sa Vanh BarCelona Barrio Chino Boom Boom Room Brewerkz Carnegie's Centro 360 Crazy Elephant Dbl-O Eastside Giorgio's Harry's Bar Indigo Jazz at South Bridge Liquid Room Madam Wong's Milk Bar Molly Malone's Neptune Restaurant Next Page Orange Penny Black Post Bar Provignage, The Wine Cave Siam SupperClub Sullivan's Bar & Restaurant Sultan of Swing Taps Pub & Entertainment The Tavern The Yard English Pub Tivoli Beer Bar Two Rooms Wong San's Xuan Bar Zouk / Zouk Wine Bar Phuture Velvet Underground This entertainment area boasts English-style watering-holes, nostalgic pubs and others that reverberate with rock and roll and jazz music. To get there, take the MRT to Tanjong Pagar. Beaujolais Wine Bar Butterfly Bar Deluxe Lido Palace Nite-club & Restaurant Elvis Pub JJ Mahoney's Shamus O'Donnell's Shopping is one of the greatest pleasures in Singapore. Part of the fun is the excellent buys and great variety of shops all over the island. Delight in a bargain at a little neighborhood shop, pick up a quaint item or two as you stroll through colourful ethnic quarters, discover favourite buys of the droves who flock to our modern malls or be enthralled by the splendour of whole shopping "cities" selling everything under the sun. Many top hotels also have an attached shopping arcade with fine boutiques specialising in designer fashion, accessories, jewellery and watches. And designer brands from the fashion runways of the world can be affordable - if you know where to look. Find them at the growing number of discount shops around the city. The magic is affordable in New Asia - Singapore. Singapore's Central Shopping Belt extending from Tanglin Road all the way down Orchard Road and Bras Basah Road to Marina Bay has been tagged Fifth Avenue, Regent Street, Champs-Elysees, Via Veneto and Ginza for good reason. This is where world-class shopping abounds. A day spent browsing and buying turns into an unforgettable experience as theme designer boutiques, local and international department stores, speciality shops and bargain counters compete with outdoor cafes and gourmet restaurants for your attention. Great shopping in Singapore isn't confined to just Orchard Road and its surroundings. Quality goods at prices that won't burn a hole in your pocket can be found in lots of places around the city centre. The Riverside area by River Valley Road is home to both some of the newest as well as the oldest shops in Singapore. Look in the heart of the financial district around Raffles Place and Shenton Way where the office crowd throngs the shops for a surprising variety of goodies. If you're prepared to venture further afield, you can combine shopping with a little off-the-beaten track sightseeing as well. In fact, you'll discover some of the best bargains where most Singaporeans live, eat and shop - out in the heartlands of Singapore. These suburban shopping centres offer a surprisingly comprehensive range of items from branded to electronic goods at prices to delight the value-conscious and determined bargain hunter. Business hours vary from shop to shop but as a general guide, most shops are open from 11am to 9pm. Town centres in the larger estates of Tampines and Bishan are easily accessible by MRT. Shopping at these bustling town centres is a fascinating experience, providing insight into the local lifestyle and a chance to mingle with Singaporeans at their most comfortable. You also reap another benefit - the opportunity to tuck in "local style" at the numerous food centres and informal coffee shops. y y

Welcome to Orchard Road, bursting with the latest lifestyle and fashion trends from allover the world, right in the heart of New Asia -Singapore. In this truly inspiring lifestyle street of Singapore, you'll find an exhilarating mix of shopping, ding and nocturnal options. Discover totally unexpected and unique ways to have fun in this energetic, vibrant and cosmopolitan city. Where else, for instance, can you do some serious people-watching, eat at outlets which offer spreads from satay to sushi, get an insight into the unique Peranakan culture and catch the latest in movies at state-of-the-art cineplexes all in one afternoon, or shop for top brands, while appreciating art -pieces along the walkways. As you embark on the two routes in this brochure, you'll be amazed at how history merges seamlessly with glitzy shopping malls, high-end shops and restaurants. So sport your most stylish pair of shades, a comfortable pair of walking shoes and discover Orchard Road's astounding mix of experiences as you live it up in New Asia -Singapore! History Orchard Road got its name from the many nutmeg and pepper plantations that lined the street during the I 840s. Sparsely populated, Orchard Road's only residents were plantation owners like Scotts, Cairnhill and Cuppage, whose names are familiar as street names today. For decades, not much attention was paid to a plantation often plagued by natural disasters. In the 1900s, a mysterious disease swept through the nutmeg plantations, wiping them out within a year. Because of its location in a valley, floods were also common. They were only controlled in 1965 when Stamford Canal -part of which runs below the pedestrian mall fronting Wisma Atria Shopping Centre today -was deepened and widened. In the 1970s, pioneering landmarks like C K Tang, Plaza Singapura and the Mandarin Hotel came up and led the way for entertainment complexes. Brick by brick, and block by block, towers of glass and steel lined what used to be mud-tracks to make Orchard Road the upbeat lifestyle hub it is today.
	Wheelock Place Start your walking tour at Wheelock Place -a haunt for the young and young at heart, where the buzz of Orchard Road can be felt amidst the books and mugs of steaming coffee. Borders, with its thousands of books and magazines, draws in the crowds throughout the day. The shady green umbrellas at Starbucks also entice. This American coffee chain has transformed the once-quiet corner into a fashionable cafe scene where people go to see and be seen, fanning a coffee culture in Singapore that has burgeoned beyond the local kopitiams (or coffee shops). You'll soon realise that there are many cafes dotting Orchard Road: Coffee Bean and Tea Leaf, Dome, The Coffee Club and Spinelli. All offer high-end alternatives to the traditional local brew. Walk past the Esprit store and cross the slip road to Angullia Park. There, you'll see "Mother and Child," a sculpture by Singapore's foremost sculptor, Ng EngTeng.
	Hilton Singapore Hotel Stroll down the shady, tree-lined walkway to the Hilton Singapore Hotel where you'll find the widest range of cheesecakes in town, from American to Italian and Marble, at Checkers Deli. Before you indulge in some sinful delights, why not seize a great photo opportunity with two menacing Chinese warriors from the Tang dynasty? These two 2.7m tall ceramic sculptures in front of the hotel were commissioned in 1975 to serve as symbolic protectors of the hotel.
	Cuscaden Road From the Hilton Singapore Hotel foyer, venture left onto the boulevard where you'll find outdoor food and beverage stands in front of the next stop -Forum the Shopping Mall. This shopping mall is a goldmine of fun and excitement for kids, where the well stocked Toys 'R' Us on Level 3, and other stores like Guess Kids, Man U Kids and Kenzo Kids keep children happy with clothes and toys. You'll also find local designer boutique Song & Kelly 21 and California Pizza, Kitchen here. But for more riotous fun, turn left into Cuscaden Road. You know you've arrived at Hard Rock Café when you see a purple Cadillac hanging off a wall in front of you. Soak in the boisterous combination of American food and rock 'n' roll that's a signature feature at this franchise eatery.
	Tanglin Shopping Centre Retracing your steps back to Orchard Road, you will find a triple alfresco treat at the Orchard Parade Hotel on your left. Starbucks, Black Angus and Cafe Modesto offer outdoor seating with a view of the bustling street activity. Check out the Manchester United food and retail outlet before crossing over to Tanglin Shopping Centre. This shopping centre is a veritable maze of antique furniture, Persian carpets and arts and crafts from around the region. Crammed with galleries which sell decorative Chinese and regional paintings, it also boasts of a few excellent eateries. Have a sandwich at Steeple's Deli, Indonesian satay at Tambuah Mas, or Chinese steamboat at Magic of Chongqing Hot Pot.
	Claymore Road Cross the road at the traffic lights outside the Orchard Parade Hotel. Turn right towards Delfi Orchard 0 for the finest range of crystal and porcelain in the Waterford and Wedgwood stores. Situated behind this is the Orchard Hotel Shopping Arcade where the House of Mao Hunan Hot Pot -a homegrown themed restaurant specialising solely in Chinese steamboat -can be found. Further along Orchard Road is the sleek Palais Renaissance where you can find flagship stores of the biggest names in fashion: DKNY, GianniVersace and Prada.
	Scotts Road As you exit Palais Renaissance, turn left and walk past the Royal Thai Embassy, past Shaw House and take another left towards Pacific Plaza. You've entered Scotts Road, named after Captain William Scott, who once owned a plantation at the corner of Scotts Road and Orchard Road. Check out Lifestorey and Marquis -a shop carrying exquisite homeware perfect for those with exquisite taste. After shopping, rest your feet at Ubar, a juice bar selling fancy fruit juice concoctions, sandwiches and desserts. Coming out onto Scotts Road, you'll see an overhead-bridge on the left. Cross it and you'll arrive at Far East Plaza. Once a tired shopping complex, Far East Plaza has since returned to full, vivacious life, becoming the hang-out of choice for the grungy, alternative set. You'll be amazed at the quirky boutiques, second-hand book stores, and even body-piercing and tattooing services available here. So who says Singapore is boring? Perched elegantly on a gentle hill is the Goodwood Park Hotel. This former German Club was built in 1900 and modelled after a Rhineland castle. It was converted into an opulent hotel in 1929 and prided itself on being the first in Singapore to have an air-conditioned wine cellar. Today, it is a world-class hotel with a unique old-world charm. It is noted not only for its luxurious Sultan of Brunei Suite in the tower section of the hotel but also as the first hotel to offer durian cream cakes and durian-filled chocolates! Retrace your steps, passing Far East Plaza, and enter the Grand Hyatt Singapore. Don't be fooled by its slick, contemporary interiors, because the ancient Chinese art of geomancy, or feng shui, still rules. To ensure good feng shui for the hotel, the glass doors at the hotel's main entrance have been positioned at an oblique angle to Scotts Road so that the hotel's wealth will not "flow out into the streets". The grand staircase at the main lobby has 32 steps, which when spoken in the Cantonese dialect, sounds the same as "business". Also check out the Mezza 9 at the Grand Hyatt Singapore, the first and only restaurant in Asia with 9 different entertaining and dining experiences ranging from western to oriental food. Mezza 9's Martini Bar is a haven for bona fide Martini drinkers, and was j voted as "the best place to go if you want a Martini" I (Where Singapore, May 2000). You've come to the end of Route I. To I embark on Route 2, make your way to Tangs, just, around the corner.
	Tangs Route 2 begins just opposite the Orchard MRT Station at the Singapore Marriott Hote. This eye-catching landmark along Orchard Road has a distinctive Chinese-styled green roof and red pillars. In 1958, a former lace-pedlar, C K Tang, foresaw that the area could become a bustling shopping thoroughfare, since residents in the neighboring Tanglin district had to pass enroute to work at the commercial centre, Raffles Place. So with roof tiles brought in from his hometown in the Swatow province of China. Tang built a department store on what was then a cheap, isolated plot of land. The plot of land faced a cemetery, which is considered a bad omen in Chinese culture. His foresight paid off. Today, Tangs is one of Singapore's most prominent and recognized homegrown department stores, proudly showcasing local fashion and household products. Check out the spacious and brightly-lit cosmetic department and experiment with the latest colors of the season. Even when the old building was torn down in 1982 to give way to the present superstore and skyscraper hotel. it retained its unique Chinese architecture.
	Lucky Plaza From the foyer at Tangs, turn left to Luck Plaza. Once of the oldest along Orchard Road, this mall is a perennial favorite with electronics junkies. Be amazed by the staggering array of cameras, watches, hi-fi equipment, leather goods and jewellery. Price though, as not always fixed, so bring along a good set of bargaining skills.
	Paragon Coming out from Lucky Plaza, continue along Orchard Road, pass Tong Building (with the Rolex showroom and service centre) and enter Paragon Shopping Centre It now offers a wide range of designer fashions, family and lifestyle shops, art galleries and many quality restaurants. There is also a Singapore Airlines service centre to facilitate bookings and offer information to tourists. Also available are computer terminals for self- booking. Check out the life-sized sculptures by a well-known Taiwanese sculptor, Sun Yu-Li, outside the shopping centre. These sculptures were inspired by the depictions of life in rock paintings dating back 20,000 years ago in Inner Mongolia.
	Ngee Ann City Directly opposite Paragon, on the other side of Orchard Raod, is Ngee Ann City, home to Takashimaya Shopping Centre. This mammoth reddish-brown building is home to internationally-renowned brands like Louise Vuitton and Cartier. One of the largest bookstores in Southeast Asia, Kinokuniya (40,000 sq ft) is also housed here. If you have not had your fill of books, you may want to drop by Library@Orchard, featuring multimedia facilities and a café. Though opened for business in the early ‘90s, this Orchard Road landmark has lost none of its luster and appeal. With more than 100 specialty stores, food and beverage outlets, fine restaurants and even a post office under its roof, Ngee Ann City is popular with both locals and tourists, thousands of whom cross its thresholds everyday. Takashimaya, an anchor tenant and favorite with Japan shoppers, boasts a popular food court and supermarket, which offers a spectrum of food and snack from English tea to tom yam soup. Don’t miss southeast Asia’s first Harrods store, selling clothing, homeware, gifts, stationery and gourmet food on the ground floor of Takashimaya. Takashimaya Square, on basement two, is where special bazaars and promotions are help occasionally. The Civic Plaza outside the building is a focal point of Orchard Road’s outdoor activities. Join in the special weekend festivities ranging from food fairs to basketball competitions.
	Mandarin Singapore Coming out of Ngee Ann City, turn right towards Mandarin Singapore. This Chinese- styled skyscraper was built in 1973 by samsui women -construction workers from the Sanshui district in Guangdong, China. Savor the hotel's famous chicken rice at its coffee house, Chatterbox, and take the lift up to the Top Of The M, the hotel's revolving restaurant and observatory lounge which offers a breathtaking panorama of the city. From the Mandarin Singapore, cross the road to The Heeren. This popular youth-oriented shopping mall along Orchard Road houses HMV, Southeast Asia's largest' music superstore, Movenpick Marche and other famous brand names like! Swatch, Mambo and homegrown brands like Bods Bodynits and Capsule. Also check out the Annex located at Levels 4 and 5. It's an exciting shopping concept with small retail shops arranged along narrow corridors and "lanes" offering all things funky. It has everything from unique accessories, street and vintage fashion wear to collectable toys and comics. What a contrast to the old days when this same site housed a building filled with old-fashioned hair salons frequented by local politicians!
	Entertainment Pubs & Bars -the fun continues after dusk with the multitude of bustling pubs and bars along Orchard Road. Down a pint of bitter in Muddy Murphy's Irish pub at the Orchard Hotel Shopping Arcade 0. For some pub-crawling. visit the rollicking cluster of pubs on Emerald Hill and the nearby Cuppage Terrace. Happy hours are generally from Spm to IOpm daily. Discos -Orchard Road plays host to a number of clubs which cater to different crowds and musical tastes. Imperium at Ngee Ann City '4>. a new restaurant with a unique concept offers fine Chinese cuisine. a jazz band and a dance floor. amidst an art decor ambience. Ridley's at Phoenix Hotel G is where executive-types gather for a spot of karaoke. Another popular nightspot is China Black at Pacific Plaza 4D -a futuristic club with Philippe Starck barstools and a high-tech sound system that spins speed garage and techno-house music.
	The Istana & Plaza Singapura Istana -From Cuppage Terrace, continue along Orchard Road passing Orchard Point Shopping Centre, Orchard Plaza and Le Meridien Shopping Centre to reach a set of traffic lights. Cross tlJe road here and arrive at the leafy expanse of the Istana entrance. The grand, magnificent gates usher you onto a shady avenue that leads to the former residence of British governors and now, home to Singapore's President. The Istana (Malay for "palace") was built in 1869 by Indian convict labour. Designed by a colonial architect, Captain McNair, the Malay-influenced structure features overhanging roofs with a blend of classical details. The sprawling lawns of the Istana are only opened to the public five days a year -New Year's Day, Lunar New Year, Hari Raya Puasa, Labour Day and Deepavali. You can also catch the changing of guards at the gates every first Sunday of the month, from S.4Spm to 6.ISpm. Dhoby Ghaut -Just after the Istana is Plaza Singapura , a shopping centre which offers local fashion, household products, fast food outlets and restaurants. Stroll down the boulevard for another 5 minutes and you will come to the end of Orchard Road and the beginning of Dhoby Ghaut. This street name, which means "washerman's area" evokes the 19th century character of this area. Dhobies, who were Bengali and Madrasi immigrants from India, washed the clothes of local residents in the stream which ran down the side of Orchard Road and dried them on the land now occupied by the YMCA International House.
	Emerald Hill From The Heeren, walk across Cairnhill Road and continue straight on until you enter the unique world of Peranakan Place ~, identified by ,its pastel walls and floral tiles. It's an architectural heritage site and well worth visiting. The colors and architectural features are typical of the style and taste of the Peranakans -descendants of early Chinese immigrants who inter-married with local Malay women -who built these elegant town houses along the road. It is a mix of Qing style with tropical and art deco adaptations to suit the local climate and taste. Peranakan language, clothing, beaded embroidery and architecture are a special blend of Chinese and Malay styles. For a rare moment of tranquility away from the jostling crowds, walk up Emerald Hill, which lies perpendicular to Orchard Road, where more of these quaint buildings have been conserved to form a peaceful, residential neighborhood. Discover the forecourts with Chinese-styled gates, the elaborate use of wooden doors that are intricately carved in the Malay tradition, and tiles with flower motifs which are typical of Peranakan architecture. Walk back down to Orchard Road, turn left and arrive at Centrepoint Shopping Centre. An overhead railway bridge once spanned this road and all traffic would come to a standstill whenever a train crossed the bridge. It was believed that bad luck would befall anyone caught "under" a moving train. Today, the window displays on the ground floor of Centre point belong to Robinsons department store, founded by an Englishman in Singapore. When it started off as a shop in the 18S0s, Robinsons sold mainly basic food products but today, it is popular for its ladies' fashion and household goods. Take a rest at the basement level where Cold Storage supermarket offers ice-cream, just as it did in 1903 -when it was the first to bring ice-cream to Singapore. In the evenings, join locals as they dine at the quaint restaurants along Cuppage Terrace. Located amidst the conserved shophouses is H2O Zone, a hip oasis in the heart of Orchard Road. Aesthetically, the Zone's main attraction is the series of water-spouting pylons, varying in height from 4.2 meters to 4.7 meters. Not to be outdone is the international line-up of food and beverage outlets which offer alfresco dining pleasures and entertainment. One can find a range of cuisines from both East and West, such as Mexican, Italian, Indian, Indonesian and Chinese, catered to suit all tastes and appetites.
	Cinemas Singaporeans are among the world's most frequent movie-goers. Cinemas here have come a long way from the days when theatres were only single-screened and bookings had to be "made in person and only in cash. These days, visit a multi-screen cineplex on Orchard Road and you have a choice of at least six movies at anyone time, shown with state-of-the- art sound systems and booked through computerized systems. There are three cineplexes along Orchard Road, Lido at Shaw House, Golden Village Plaza at Plaza Singapura and Cineleisure Orchard. Catch the kachang puteh man at Cineleisure, whose offerings of peanuts and snacks in rolled-up paper cones make him the Asian equivalent of the popcorn vendor. Ticket prices range from SGDS.OO on weekdays to SGD8.S0 for weekends and public holidays. Most cinemas have their first screening at II.OOam and last screening at 9.00pm. The hugely popular midnight shows are screened during Friday and Saturday nights. Check the daily newspapers for screening times.
	High-End Shopping If money is no object, then there is a wealth of designer shops you can visit which offer the newest trends hot off the international runways. Check out: The Shopping Gallery at the Hilton -two floors of exquisite shopping with names like Donna Karan, Giorgio Armani, Paul Smith and Issey Miyake. Palais Renaissance an Italian-styled mall devoted to designer wear like DKNY, Gianni Versace and Prada. Paragon -This elegant shopping centre is home to Ferragamo, Gucci, Dunhill and the Metropolitan Art Museum shop. NgeeAnn City -the second level boasts top names like Louis Vuitton, Hugo Boss, Tiffany and Chanel.
	Budget Shopping You don't have to feel left out on Orchard Road if you are shopping on a budget. There are mid-priced stores which offer quality goods with tags that won't burn a hole in your pocket. They include: Lucky Plaza I Orchard Plaza -Shop for trendy ladies' apparel at "This Fashion" outlets in Lucky Plaza and Orchard Plaza. Also check out the One.99 shop at Lucky Plaza where everything ranging from food, gifts to kitchenware (from Japan) costs SGD2.00. Far East Plaza -quirky boutiques, shoes as well as electronic shops.

Welcome to New Asia -Singapore! Standing at the strategic crossroads between East and West, Singapore offers those who step onto its shores a unique cultural experience which is distinctly Asian yet sophisticated and modern. Discover the best of the arts from the East and West. Which other city offers you, for instance, a choice of exciting entertainment from the unique sights and sounds of Chinese Opera, the stirring strains of its own Singapore Symphony Orchestra to the magnificent spectacle of a Broadway musical. Or a chance to savour contemporary ballet alfresco with your own picnic basket at the Fort Canning Green. Or have an unexpected encounter with beautiful sculptural treasures springing up in unusual spaces. Or the opportunity to visit a variety of established galleries to take home a 1,000 year old piece of Asian art. As you set off on either of two main routes taking you through key places of interest, you will be amazed and enriched by the wide array of arts experiences that you can indulge in. So put on your walking shoes now and take this journey of discovery as you live it up in New Asia -Singapore.
	Despite its modern exterior, Singapore exudes the spirit and soul of Asia. Singapore's unique art forms are richly flavoured by the ethnic influences drawn from indigenous Malay culture and the cultures of the Chinese and Indian migrants who moved to Singapore between the 14th to 19th century. Traditional forms have been preserved and new contemporary form are constantly evolving. Together with a programme of international visual and performing events, local exhibitions and performances make up a rich and varied calendar of the arts to please all tastes. Small intimate shows by upcoming Asian artists compete for on with blockbuster exhibitions at the museums and with international auctions of art and antiquities. Local and award-winning international plays in all languages are regularly staged. Dance from classical ballet to contemporary forms cross borders while music has a language entirely of its own which cuts across time and space in the City for the Arts, Singapore.
	This route take you through the centre of the city, where you will discover Singapore's three museums and a variety of arts spaces, housed in heritage-rich buildings with a wealth of history behind each one.
	The Singapore Philatelic Museum is Southeast Asia’s first philatelic museum. Occupying a restored building first built in 1907, it carries a fine collection of local and international stamps as well as first day cover, each of them works of art in miniature and a freeze of a moment of history. Also in its collection are stamp artworks, printing media, printing proofs and progressive sheets from Singapore and elsewhere. Enquire about guided tours at the reception counter. Open: 9am to 6pm (Tue to Sun, including public holidays); 9am to 9pm (Fri) Admission: SGD 2 adults, SGD 1 children and seniors As you exit the Museum, you may either cross the road to the Asian Civilisations Museum at Armenian Street or make a quick detour to enjoy a moment of tranquillity in the historical site of Fort Canning.
	Exit the museum, turn left and walk past the Registry of Marriage to the majestic Fort Gate. Pause for a moment to enjoy the aroma of spices and herbs at the Spice Garden, left of the Fort Gate. Originally the highest point directly overlooking the sea, Fort Canning was the site of the residences of the Malay Sultans and later, the British governors. Walking up the steps outside the entrance of Fort Gate, you can see remnants of its past at the archaeological site and the grave of the last Sultan of Singapore. Walk through the Fort Gate, climb the steps to the top of the green and look at the memorial stones all along the walls of the old Fort. At the top, stands the Fort Canning Arts Centre, previously the arms store and barracks to the British and the Japanese during World War II, It's now home to TheatreWorks and Singapore Dance Theatre, two of Singapore's arts companies that are making an impact on the international arts scene with fresh and original productions. Walk to Fort Canning Green. You will see Singapore sculptor Han Sai Por's Seed series commissioned for The Esplanade - Theatres on the Bay. Stroll out of the entrance on the left as you come down the green to ASEAN Sculpture Garden just outside the Park. These sculptures were specially commissioned from sculptors all were specially commissioned from sculptors all over ASEAN. Retrace your steps to the Singapore Philatelic Museum to continue with the walk.
	Housed in the Tao Nan School, which was the first Chinese school to conduct its curriculum in Hokkien, a Chinese dialect, the Asian Civilisations Museum, Armenian Street (ACM I) is home to an expansive collection of artefacts drawn from Singapore's rich multicultural history. Thematic displays on Chinese culture and civilisation take centrestage, along with the Peranakan or Straits Chinese exhibit. This showcase provides an insight distinctive blend of Malay and Chinese culture which developed when early Chinese intermarried with the Malays. Temporary exhibitions show - casing other civilisations are regularly held, including the Eternal Egypt: Treasures from the British Museum. Look for an amusing set of bronze sculptures of an old man and his granddaughter on the street waving to the mother on the upper gallery. Taking the Past Forward by Singaporean sculptor Chern lian Shan depicts a little girl leading her grandfather to the ACM I for him to explain the ancestral cultures of Singaporeans to her. The sculpture of the cat on the step to the museum is in memory of a cat that "adopted" the building and became the museum’s mascot. Open: 9am to 6pm (Tue to Sun, including public holidays); 9am to 9pm (Fri) Admission: SGD 3 adults, SGD 1.50 children and seniors
	On your left as you exit ACM I, you will find one of Singapore's unique art spaces, The Substation Established in 1990, the old electrical substation with its unique Art Deco architectural features, now houses a gallery for visual arts, a 120-seat black box theatrette, dance studios and classrooms. Regular events featuring young Singaporean artists are held here. For a glimpse of works by young and established local artists and sculptors, walk into Art 2 Shop For Art. Pop into the Fat Frog Cafe, a shady courtyard cafe frequented by local, budding artists. The Garden on occasion holds flea markets, jamming sessions and exhibitions. On the outer back wall of The Substation, facing the car park, is a reproduction of a HMV billboard by young local artist, Alan Oei. Make your way back to the front of The Substation. Walk left to the Museum Shop that carries a range of history-inspired souvenir items, with special emphasis on the Peranakan heritage. Leave the Museum Shop by the side entrance. You will immediately notice the hawker centre, a 24-hour eatery where you can have a quick drink and sample local dishes like chicken rice, laksa(rice noodles in a coconut curry gravy with shrimp, egg and chicken as garnishing) or Indian food. Further on, you'll see the Singapore History Museum, a colonial building with green shutters.
	Stop by the ceremonial pole carved by the Kajang community in Sarawak at the side of the Singapore History Museum. This was presented by the government and people of Sarawak to Singapore in 1991 as a gift of cultural exchange. Built in 1886 and formerly housing the Raffles Library and Museum, the Singapore History Museum portrays the political and social history Singapore through 'The Singapore Story', a 3D visual display of Singapore's history from the colonial period to present day and other dioramas. Look at the collection of watercolour drawings of flora and fauna of the Straits Settlements painted by one of the earliest British administrators William Farquhar. There is also the exquisite collection of jade carvings bequeathed by the Tiger Balm millionaires, Aw Boon Haw and Aw Boon Par. A must see is the Rumah Baba – a recreation of a traditional Peranakan or Straits Chinese home from its ancestral altar to bridal chamber. Not for the fainthearted, ‘Tales of the Night’ is a thrilling evening tour organised on Fridays to offer a different view of the Museum at the risk of invoking spirits! Outside the museum you’ll find Taichi Boxing Pair by renowned Taiwanese sculptor Ju Ming. The sculpture captures the grace and physical discipline of the gentle form of taichi martial arts and the power of nature in human movement. Nearby is the Millennium Time Capsule, with the millennium clock on top of it. The Capsule contains objects that encapsulate 20th century Singapore and will be revealed in 2050. On the pavement you'll spot Ju Ming's The Living World, a vividly coloured sculpture in ceramic, bronze and stainless steel, depicting people in various postures. One of Singapore's favourite landmarks, there was public outcry when it was threatened with removal several years ago, and funds were raised to ensure that it will always have its place. Open: 9am to 6pm (Tue to Sun, including public holidays); 9am to 9pm (Fri) Admission: SGD 3 adults, SGD 1.50 children and seniors for museum only. SGD 4 adults, SGD 2 children and seniors for museum and 3-D show. After crossing Stamford Road at the traffic light in front of the Singapore History Museum, look out for Endless Flow by Tan Teng Kee, a 6.4 metre-high abstract sculpture made from brass standing at the corner of Bras Basah Park on your left. Walk across the green on the right, to the junction of Waterloo Street and Bras Basah Road. Directly in front, you’ll see the Singapore Art Museum.
	The Singapore Art Museum is located at the beautifully preserved building of the former St. Joseph's Institution, the first Catholic boy's school in Singapore built in the early 1800s. Today it contains the world's largest collection of contemporary Southeast Asian paintings, installations and sculptures in its permanent collection of more than 5,500 pieces. It has also presented several important international blockbusters in its exhibition calendar, including Leonardo da Vinci: Artist-lnventor-Scientist and Masterpieces from the Guggenheim Museum. Upstairs, visit the exhibition rooms and the Auditorium which was converted from the former school chapel. The original stained glass window lost during World War II, has been replaced by a modern installation by leading Filipino glass artist, Ramon Orlina. Open: 9am to 6pm (Tue to Sun, including public); 9am to 9pm (Fri) Admission: SGD 3 adults, SGD 1.50 children and seniors As you leave the museum by the main entrance look out for The Explorer by Ng Eng Teng, commissioned to commemorate the millennium. Turn right at the traffic light into waterloo Street, home to many of Singapore’s most prolific arts companies.
	On your left, walk past the Magain Aboth Synagogue to Action Theatre at 42 Waterloo Street, housed in a restored pre-war bungalow. Action Theatre is best known for its cutting edge Singaporean productions and its programmes to develop young writers, directors and producers. The lush garden courtyard hosts the Indochine Restaurant, a popular pre- and post-performance dinner place. Next to it, you will see the Singapore Calligraphy Centre, where regular calligraphy Centre, where regular calligraphy exhibitions and classes are conducted. Next door is the Young Musicians' Society or YMS Arts Centre, preserved with interiors redesigned to accommodate its offices and 200-seat auditorium. It is home to the Singapore 200-seat auditorium. It is home to the Singapore Youth Choir and chamber-sized recitals throughout the year. Further on is Dance Ensemble Singapore which has established a name for itself overseas for traditional and contemporary Chinese dance performances. At the road junction is Sculpture Square. Created from an abandoned Peranakan church and an old budget hotel with a Gothic architecture, its regular activities are listed in most daily, papers. La Fete de Cuisinier, a restaurant that recreates the old world charm of New Orleans occupies the courtyard. Although you’ve completed Rout 1, there’s a lot more to experience at CHIJMES and Raffles Hotel before you embark on Route 2.
	Lovingly restored from a former Catholic convent and orphanage, the tall spire of the Gothic chapel invites people to contemplate a leisurely life after hours. Sip a cool cocktail in the evening while watching the shadows lengthen. Jazz music performances are staged regularly during weekends and the chapel with the stained glass windows is the venue for dinner theatre performances and chamber recitals. There is an array of fine dining places and watering holes spilling onto fountain courtyards. Walk to the the back where a range of arts and curios from the region are sold. On the stretch of wall alongside Bras Basah Road is Le Mur Lion (The Lion Wall in French) by French artist and designer Christophe Tissot. This longest wall mural in Singapore was presented to Singapore by Publicis Eureka in celebration of its coming of age with 21 years in Singapore.
	Built by the Sarkies Brothers in 1886 and last restored in 1991, Raffles Hotel Captures the romance of the exotic East, and is one of Singapore's key landmarks. Walk to the entrance of the Hotel Arcade at North Bridge Road. On the second floor, you wil find a unique cluster of fine galleries offering both art and antiques from Asia. Plum Blossoms Gallery and ArtFolio offer art lovers a substantial portfolio of established and emerging artists from both Singapore and the region. Look out for Evolution Prehistoric Art Gallery, which sells art created from ancient fossils more than a million years old. Stroll into the Raffles Hotel Museum on the third floor and catch a glimpse of the life and times of the grand hotel. Stop by at the Bar and Billiard Room for a Singapore Sling and a light dose of jazz in the evening.
	Deep in the heart of the buzzing financial district, the pace of life around the Singapore River is leisurely and you could be surprised by unexpected moments of beauty in unusual spaces.
	Raffles Place, is the home of Singapore's banking corporations. In front of the OUB Centre, look for Aw Tee Hong's Struggle for Survival in the shape of a boat. In Progress & Advancement by Yang Ying-Feng, try to spot a miniature of another sculpture. Follow the grain of traffic and walk down Chulia Street. A huge figure, Reclining Figure by the British sculptor Henry Moore graces the front of OCBC Centre. You may choose to venture further down the road to Pidemco Centre to see Chern Lian Shan's Rainbow. Retrace your steps to OUB centre, cross Chulia street at the traffic light and walk to UOB Plaza. At the atrium of UOB Plaza is a bronze sculpture, Homage to Newton by the master of the surreal, Spanish artist Salvador Dali. It was placed at this spot to create balance and harmony in business. By the river, the sculpture of a giant Bird by Fernando Botero is believed to Bring luck to the bank. Just Beyond UOB Plaza, look out for the rows of colourful thematic restaurants facing the river at Boat quay housed in former shop-houses. From UOB Plaza, walk to your right, pass the Standard Chartered Building to The Fullerton Hotel.
	The whole complex of the five buildings of Suntec City with the central fountain structure was designed with the highest feng shui (Chinese geomancy) principles in mind. Walk pass the entrance of Suntec City Mall to the junction of Temasek Boulevard and Raffles Boulevard. Beside the slip-road is Abundance by Sun Yu-Li, an unusual optical work which seems to change shape as one moves past it. Enter the Singapore International Convention & Exhibition Centre, and make your way to the lower level of Suntec City Mall fringed with restaurants. Get to the central Fountain of Wealth by Calvin Tsao and Zack Mckown through five different accesses. This huge suspended circle of the largest fountain in the world suggests completion of cycles of growth and prosperity. Climb up one of the winding staircases and on the encircling walkway is Twelve Medallions by Singaporean Han Sai Por, each one representing a different animal of the Chinese zodiac. Climb back down the winding staircase at the snake zodiac and take the exit to the underpass in front, to Centennial Tower and Millenia Tower. At the top of the escalator, turn right, then left and cross over to the entrance of the Conrad International Hotel. At the driveway, you’ll see Harmony, mounted on the wall facing the entrance, by Richard Sparling. Facing the entrance, turn right and walk to Monument square fringed by the Conrad International and Millenia Walk where you will see Soaring Helix by Philip Johnson, a sculpture which seems to turn as you move past it. Go through Millenia walk to the exit to Sculpture Plaza. Look for Roy Lichtenstein’s Six Brushstrokes, literally sculptures depicting giant happy brush strokes. Inside Millenia Tower on the right, look for a group of media artworks by American artist Frank Stella. These artworks are part of the Pontiac Marina Land Collection. Replace your steps to Millenia Walk, and exit through the entrance next to DFS Galleria. Walk along Raffles Boulevard against the flow of traffic until you reach Pan Pacific Hotel on the right. In front of the hotel stands Lin Emery's Deva, a graceful stainless steel kinetic sculpture that turns like a windmill. Cross over to Marina Square using the escalator next to the hotel. Along the Marina Square aerial bridge, look out for Continuum, at the terrace garden area near the Marina Food Centre. This bronze sculpture by Charles Perry is full of flowing, undulating curves and circular shapes. Walk through Marina Square on the same level to the exhibition area. To get to Antoine Poncet's Fleur Marine or "Flower of the Sea" (in front of Oriental Singapore), head left towards the Marina leisureplex Food Court and follow directional signs to The Oriental Singapore. The organic shaped bronze sculpture within a fountain represents a coral or a sea creature. Retrace your steps to the exhibition area of Marina Square and look for an exit to Raffles Avenue in the middle of the shopping centre (on the left of MacDonald's fastfood restaurant). This exit brings you to a foyer facing the sea. At the foyer, turn right and walk towards a spiral staircase where you will see John Portman and Associates of Atlanta USA's Octopus, mounted in the centre of a circular staircase with cascading waters as its "tentacles". Retrace your steps to the middle of the shopping centre and follow directional signs for Marina Mandarin. At its entrance facing The Singapore International Convention and Exhibition Centre, you’ll see Between Sea & Sky. This abstract sculpture by Olivier Strebelle represents metamorphosis, progress and triumph.
	Begin in front of The Regent Singapore where Stephanie Scuris' Harmony, a stainless steel shell-like sculpture graces the entrance. Facing sculpture, walk up Tomlinson Road and turn onto Orchard Boulevard. Continue onto Four Seasons Hotel where you'll see Sun Yu-li’s Vitality. This leaf-shaped sculpture symbolises the endless cycle of growth. Continue along Orchard Boulevard, turn left into Anguillia Park and on the left of the traffic light, in front of the Far East Shopping Centre sits the sculpture Mother & Child by Ng Eng Teng. The sculpture of a woman in a sarong (Malay cloth wrap) carrying a child depicts the close bondage of a mother and child. Cross the Angullia Park and continue onto the Orchard MRT Station. Inside, you will see Flowers in Bloom by Tay Chee Toh, a mobile, joyful art piece suspended from the ceiling and Han Sai Por's Happy Princess, a simplified and abstract style marble sculpture near the station control. Exit Orchard MRT station to street level via the Orchard Road (Wisma Atria) exit and walk towards Ngee Ann City. In front of Ngee Ann City are Harmony I & II by Liu Ji Lin stylised female forms dancing in joy and celebration on either side of the fountain. Across the road you'll spot larger-than-life copper-green sculptures Celebration, Endearment, Courtship, Development, Friendship & Relaxation by Sun Yu-Li in front of Paragon Shopping Centre. These works were inspired by prehistoric cave paintings depicting life almost 20,000 years ago. The human from is depicted as silhouettes with narrow waists, arms and powerful striding legs. Continue walking along the same side of Orchard Road towards Somerset MRT Station where you will find Chong Fah Choong's Temu-sek, an intricate marble sculpture resembling a lion and a dragon, directly in front of the station entrance (Orchard Road). For the last stop on this route, take the MRT to Dhoby Ghaut MRT Station. Exit the station and head towards park Mall along penang Road. In front of Park Mall, you will find another Sun Yu-Li's sculpture, Dancer, a swaying, spiral form resembling the swirling skirt, and some 200 metres away near the taxi stand, a blue squarish sculpture, Robert Indiana’s Love. The image is a decorative device with the tilted letter ‘o’ to create a sense of movement and an are of interest.

	Singapore's thriving bar-disco-pub scene has spread out from Orchard Road to surprising corners of the city, like old shophouses and warehouses. Tanjong Pagar, Holland Village, Boat Quay and Clarke Quay all provide diverting nightlife. During happy hours (typically from 5pm to 8pm), drinks are served at reduced rates or two for the price of one. Discos have a cover charge which normally includes the first drink. Dress code is smart casual in most night spots.
	Civic District East Coast Holland Village	Orchard Road & Marina Riverside Tanjong Pagar
	The historic area around City Hall is full of picturesque buildings. It is perhaps one of the most cosmopolitan areas in Singapore, as it was more than a century ago when Sir Stamford Raffles developed it to be the cultural and civic heart of Singapore. Getting there is easy, just take a short walk from City Hall MRT Station. Bar & Billiard Room Bar Opiume Asian Civilisations Museum, 1 Empress Place Waterfront, CHIJMES China Jump Equinox: Introbar and City Space Father Flanagan's Irish Pub Insomnia OCHO Spanish Tapas Bar Ola Al Fresco Bar Somerset's Bar The Long Bar Having always been a predominantly residential area, the East Coast has a distinctive ambience. Take a pleasant walk along East Coast Road and you'll find the original shophouses, brightly painted and decorated by delicate tiles. Overall, it's a relaxed and colourful place to be. Take the MRT to Kembangan and then take a bus or taxi. If you're short of time, a taxi from the city should take approximately 30 minutes to reach this area. Bernie's 1000 East Coast Parkway, Singapore 449876 Tel: (65) 6244 4434 961A Upper Changi Road North, Changi Garden, Singapore 507663 Tel: (65) 6542 2232 Restaurant/Pub offers good food and features "live" band performances. Its Western cuisine is served in generous portions. Dog & Bone Pub 112 Upper East Coast Road (junction of Tay Lian Teck Road), Singapore 455006 Tel: (65) 6243 8873 This very charming family-run pub derives its name from the London cockney phrase 'dog and bone', which means the telephone. The owner used to work for a telephone company. Europa Beach Bar 902 East Coast Parkway, Singapore 449874 Tel: (65) 6447 0869 The largest outlet in the Europa chain, it encompasses "full entertainment" under one roof - food, "live" band performances, pub and disco. OD's Backstage Music Bar 2 Stadium Walk #01-07, Singapore 397691 Tel: (65) 6346 5510 or (65) 6342 5303 OD's Backstage is named after home-grown talent OD Levy, known for his previous gigs at Saxophone Bar and Bernie Goes to Town. Now, OD himself and his band play jazz and R&B every night at this bar along the pleasant Stadium Waterfront. OD's also serves finger food from neighbouring outlet Primo Trattoria (Italian and French restaurant). The Beach 1110 East Coast Parkway, #01-01 Costa Sands Resort, Singapore 449880 Tel: (65) 6444 4644 This restaurant-pub, the closest thing to Sentosa's Sunset Bay, offers an unobstructed view of the beach at the Costa Sands Resort. Latin and Caribbean beats are the order of the day Located in a quiet suburb of Singapore, Holland Village has developed into a lively night-time of activities where you'll find numerous bars and pubs. Virtually every shophouse has something to entertain you for an hour or an evening. Listed below is a good place to start. Wala Wala 31 Lorong Mambong Holland Village Singapore 277689 Tel: (65) 6462 4288 Superb wines are yours for the asking in this interesting bar/restaurant. You'll find it all in the Orchard Road area, the hub for thrill seekers. From dancing to shopping, it's all here. 5 Emerald Hill Bar & Music Lounge Alley Bar Balaclava Bar None Bell Cafe Beyond 97 Blu Brix Carriage Bar Devil's Bar Europa Music Underground Hard Rock Cafe Ice Cold Beer Kabuki Deluxe Nite-Club Les Amis Wine Bar Mezza9 Martini Bar Muddy Murphy's Orchard 501 Papa Joe's Paulaner Brauhaus Que Pasa Ridley's Studio Europa The Black Room The Dubliner Top Ten The Singapore River area has traditionally been the lifeline of commerce in Singapore. Today, it's perhaps one of the liveliest parts of Singapore. The area consists of three popular hangouts, Boat Quay, Clarke Quay and Robertson Quay. A host of night life options and people in the mood to party await you all round the riverside area. To get there, simply take the MRT to Raffles Place and walk in the direction of UOB Plaza. Most establishments are open at least until 2 am. Bar Bar Sa Vanh BarCelona Barrio Chino Boom Boom Room Brewerkz Carnegie's Centro 360 Crazy Elephant Dbl-O Eastside Giorgio's Harry's Bar Indigo Jazz at South Bridge Liquid Room Madam Wong's Milk Bar Molly Malone's Neptune Restaurant Next Page Orange Penny Black Post Bar Provignage, The Wine Cave Siam SupperClub Sullivan's Bar & Restaurant Sultan of Swing Taps Pub & Entertainment The Tavern The Yard English Pub Tivoli Beer Bar Two Rooms Wong San's Xuan Bar Zouk / Zouk Wine Bar Phuture Velvet Underground This entertainment area boasts English-style watering-holes, nostalgic pubs and others that reverberate with rock and roll and jazz music. To get there, take the MRT to Tanjong Pagar. Beaujolais Wine Bar Butterfly Bar Deluxe Lido Palace Nite-club & Restaurant Elvis Pub JJ Mahoney's Shamus O'Donnell's Shopping is one of the greatest pleasures in Singapore. Part of the fun is the excellent buys and great variety of shops all over the island. Delight in a bargain at a little neighborhood shop, pick up a quaint item or two as you stroll through colourful ethnic quarters, discover favourite buys of the droves who flock to our modern malls or be enthralled by the splendour of whole shopping "cities" selling everything under the sun. Many top hotels also have an attached shopping arcade with fine boutiques specialising in designer fashion, accessories, jewellery and watches. And designer brands from the fashion runways of the world can be affordable - if you know where to look. Find them at the growing number of discount shops around the city. The magic is affordable in New Asia - Singapore. Singapore's Central Shopping Belt extending from Tanglin Road all the way down Orchard Road and Bras Basah Road to Marina Bay has been tagged Fifth Avenue, Regent Street, Champs-Elysees, Via Veneto and Ginza for good reason. This is where world-class shopping abounds. A day spent browsing and buying turns into an unforgettable experience as theme designer boutiques, local and international department stores, speciality shops and bargain counters compete with outdoor cafes and gourmet restaurants for your attention. Great shopping in Singapore isn't confined to just Orchard Road and its surroundings. Quality goods at prices that won't burn a hole in your pocket can be found in lots of places around the city centre. The Riverside area by River Valley Road is home to both some of the newest as well as the oldest shops in Singapore. Look in the heart of the financial district around Raffles Place and Shenton Way where the office crowd throngs the shops for a surprising variety of goodies. If you're prepared to venture further afield, you can combine shopping with a little off-the-beaten track sightseeing as well. In fact, you'll discover some of the best bargains where most Singaporeans live, eat and shop - out in the heartlands of Singapore. These suburban shopping centres offer a surprisingly comprehensive range of items from branded to electronic goods at prices to delight the value-conscious and determined bargain hunter. Business hours vary from shop to shop but as a general guide, most shops are open from 11am to 9pm. Town centres in the larger estates of Tampines and Bishan are easily accessible by MRT. Shopping at these bustling town centres is a fascinating experience, providing insight into the local lifestyle and a chance to mingle with Singaporeans at their most comfortable. You also reap another benefit - the opportunity to tuck in "local style" at the numerous food centres and informal coffee shops. y

Some interesting pictures of Singapore